Quantifying the Social Equity of Economic Performance for Different Groups of Residents in Rail Transit Station Areas

In response to the global trend of urbanization, there has been an increasing focus on transit-oriented development (TOD). However, the prioritization of economic factors in the establishment of TOD often takes precedence over concerns for social equity. This research seeks to address this gap by examining the economic performance and demographic characteristics of 46 rail transit station areas (RSAs) in the city center of Dalian. The study employs the Gini coefficient and affinity clustering to assess the overall economic performance and inequality among different resident groups within RSAs. Furthermore, regression analysis is utilized to identify the key variables influencing economic performance equity in these areas. The results indicate significant disparities in economic dimensions among different resident groups, with station areas in commercial centers and functional core zones demonstrating higher economic performance. Housing prices and job–housing density are identified as crucial factors influencing consumer behavior across various station areas. Despite the presence of employment opportunities and urban development features in RSAs, differences in socioeconomic status and accessibility to public facilities significantly impact resident social equity. These results can assist policymakers in evaluating disparities in the allocation of RSAs among different regions and demographic groups. This study adds to the existing knowledge on equity in the economic performance of RSAs and supports the development of inclusive TOD strategies specific to different locations and populations.