Phytochemical Screening of Valuable Polyphenol Compounds and Essential Oil Profile of Three Rosa damascene Genotypes, as an Important Plant for Medicine and Food Industry

Abstract

Rosa × damascene Mill. plant is one of the most well-known plants in the history of horticulture, which is cultivated in many regions of the world due to its wonderful aroma and variety of cultivars. This research was perpetrated to investigate the morphological and phytochemical differences of three genotypes between R. × damascena cultivated in Urmia. For this purpose, in RCB (randomized complete block) design, three genotypes of R. × damascena (Tabriz, Kashan and Bi-Khar) were cultivated in the research farm of West-Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR. In the third year after planting and when flowering, traits such as fresh and dry weight of flowers, percentages of essential oil, essential oil components and polyphenol compound were studied. Based on results, the highest flower dry weight (21.5 gram per 100-g fresh flower) was obtained in Kashan genotype and the lowest flower dry weight (17.7 gram per 100 gram fresh flower) was obtained in Bi-Khar genotype. The results of essential oil extraction with Clevenger showed that the highest (0.028%) and lowest (0.011%) essential oil percentage were obtained in Kashan and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Analysis by GC-MS identified 88.60%, 94.94% and 91.22% of essential oil components of Kashan, Tabriz and Bi-Khar genotypes, respectively. Also, 6-octen-1-ol, geraniol, nonadecane and eicosane were the great constituents of essential oils of all three genotypes. The present study show that the ovulated genotypes are a good source of polyphenolic compounds and valuable components of the essential oil of the damask rose.