{"title":"猴痘(Mpox)与先天性免疫反应:洞察逃避机制和潜在治疗策略","authors":"Pouya Pashazadeh Azari , Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd , Javad Charostad , Davood Bashash , Niloofar Farsiu , Saleh Behzadi , Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar , Sajjad Heydari , Mohsen Nakhaie","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156751","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Orthopoxviruses, a group of zoonotic viral infections, have emerged as a significant health emergency and global concern, particularly exemplified by the re-emergence of monkeypox (Mpox). Effectively addressing these viral infections necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between the viruses and the host’s immune response. In this review, we aim to elucidate the multifaceted aspects of innate immunity in the context of orthopoxviruses, with a specific focus on monkeypox virus (MPXV). We provide an in-depth analysis of the roles of key innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes, in the host defense against MPXV. Furthermore, we explore the interferon (IFN) response, highlighting the involvement of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic DNA/RNA sensors in detecting and responding to the viral presence. This review also examines the complement system’s contribution to the immune response and provides a detailed analysis of the immune evasion strategies employed by MPXV to evade host defenses. Additionally, we discuss current prevention and treatment strategies for Mpox, including pre-exposure (PrEP) and post-exposure (PoEP) prophylaxis, supportive treatments, antivirals, and vaccinia immune globulin (VIG).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 156751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Monkeypox (Mpox) vs. Innate immune responses: Insights into evasion mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies\",\"authors\":\"Pouya Pashazadeh Azari , Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd , Javad Charostad , Davood Bashash , Niloofar Farsiu , Saleh Behzadi , Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar , Sajjad Heydari , Mohsen Nakhaie\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156751\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Orthopoxviruses, a group of zoonotic viral infections, have emerged as a significant health emergency and global concern, particularly exemplified by the re-emergence of monkeypox (Mpox). Effectively addressing these viral infections necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between the viruses and the host’s immune response. In this review, we aim to elucidate the multifaceted aspects of innate immunity in the context of orthopoxviruses, with a specific focus on monkeypox virus (MPXV). We provide an in-depth analysis of the roles of key innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes, in the host defense against MPXV. Furthermore, we explore the interferon (IFN) response, highlighting the involvement of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic DNA/RNA sensors in detecting and responding to the viral presence. This review also examines the complement system’s contribution to the immune response and provides a detailed analysis of the immune evasion strategies employed by MPXV to evade host defenses. Additionally, we discuss current prevention and treatment strategies for Mpox, including pre-exposure (PrEP) and post-exposure (PoEP) prophylaxis, supportive treatments, antivirals, and vaccinia immune globulin (VIG).</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":297,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cytokine\",\"volume\":\"183 \",\"pages\":\"Article 156751\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cytokine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043466624002540\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cytokine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043466624002540","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Monkeypox (Mpox) vs. Innate immune responses: Insights into evasion mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies
Orthopoxviruses, a group of zoonotic viral infections, have emerged as a significant health emergency and global concern, particularly exemplified by the re-emergence of monkeypox (Mpox). Effectively addressing these viral infections necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between the viruses and the host’s immune response. In this review, we aim to elucidate the multifaceted aspects of innate immunity in the context of orthopoxviruses, with a specific focus on monkeypox virus (MPXV). We provide an in-depth analysis of the roles of key innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes, in the host defense against MPXV. Furthermore, we explore the interferon (IFN) response, highlighting the involvement of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic DNA/RNA sensors in detecting and responding to the viral presence. This review also examines the complement system’s contribution to the immune response and provides a detailed analysis of the immune evasion strategies employed by MPXV to evade host defenses. Additionally, we discuss current prevention and treatment strategies for Mpox, including pre-exposure (PrEP) and post-exposure (PoEP) prophylaxis, supportive treatments, antivirals, and vaccinia immune globulin (VIG).
期刊介绍:
The journal Cytokine has an open access mirror journal Cytokine: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review.
* Devoted exclusively to the study of the molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, immunology, genome-wide association studies, pathobiology, diagnostic and clinical applications of all known interleukins, hematopoietic factors, growth factors, cytotoxins, interferons, new cytokines, and chemokines, Cytokine provides comprehensive coverage of cytokines and their mechanisms of actions, 12 times a year by publishing original high quality refereed scientific papers from prominent investigators in both the academic and industrial sectors.
We will publish 3 major types of manuscripts:
1) Original manuscripts describing research results.
2) Basic and clinical reviews describing cytokine actions and regulation.
3) Short commentaries/perspectives on recently published aspects of cytokines, pathogenesis and clinical results.