Cicely Saunders and the Literary and Cultural Heritage of "Total Pain".

In this article, I present some of the literary and cultural influences behind hospice pioneer Cicely Saunders's idea of "total pain," a term she used from the 1960s onwards to promote the holistic approach which has since become palliative care. Existing studies imply "total pain" emerged from Saunders's own mixed career experiences and her attention to patient narratives. However, I explore how the term originates not only in Saunders's direct encounters with her patients but also in her readings of literary, philosophical, and theological texts from a range of European post-war contexts, from Viktor Frankl and Simone de Beauvoir to Martin Buber and Ladislaus Boros. Examining "total pain" in light of Saunders's reading reveals the particular intellectual milieu-often ignored-from which palliative care emerged.