{"title":"破译玉米种子萌发的生理和转录机制","authors":"Yaqi Jie, Wei Wang, Zishan Wu, Zhaobin Ren, Lu Li, Yuyi Zhou, Mingcai Zhang, Zhaohu Li, Fei Yi, Liusheng Duan","doi":"10.1007/s11103-024-01486-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize is a valuable raw material for feed and food production. Healthy seed germination is important for improving the yield and quality of maize. Seed aging occurs relatively fast in crops and it is a process that delays germination as well as reduces its rate and even causes total loss of seed viability. However, the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms that regulate maize seeds, especially aging seed germination remain unclear. Coronatine (COR) which is a phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae and a new type of plant growth regulator can effectively regulate plant growth and development, and regulate seed germination. In this study, the physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms of COR-induced maize seed germination under different aging degrees were analyzed. The results showed that 0.001-0.01 μmol/L COR could promote the germination of aging maize seed and the growth of primary roots and shoots. COR treatment increased the content of gibberellins (GA<sub>3</sub>) and decreased the content of abscisic acid (ABA) in B73 seeds before germination. The result of RNA-seq analysis showed 497 differentially expressed genes in COR treatment compared with the control. Three genes associated with GA biosynthesis (ZmCPPS2, ZmD3, and ZmGA2ox2), and two genes associated with GA signaling transduction (ZmGID1 and ZmBHLH158) were up-regulated. Three genes negatively regulating GA signaling transduction (ZmGRAS48, ZmGRAS54, and Zm00001d033369) and two genes involved in ABA biosynthesis (ZmVP14 and ZmPCO14472) were down-regulated. The physiological test results also showed that the effects of GA and ABA on seed germination were similar to those of high and low-concentration COR, respectively, which indicated that the effect of COR on seed germination may be carried out through GA and ABA pathways. In addition, GO and KEGG analysis suggested that COR is also highly involved in antioxidant enzyme systems and secondary metabolite synthesis to regulate maize seed germination processes. These findings provide a valuable reference for further research on the mechanisms of maize seed germination.</p>","PeriodicalId":20064,"journal":{"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Deciphering physiological and transcriptional mechanisms of maize seed germination.\",\"authors\":\"Yaqi Jie, Wei Wang, Zishan Wu, Zhaobin Ren, Lu Li, Yuyi Zhou, Mingcai Zhang, Zhaohu Li, Fei Yi, Liusheng Duan\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11103-024-01486-1\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Maize is a valuable raw material for feed and food production. Healthy seed germination is important for improving the yield and quality of maize. Seed aging occurs relatively fast in crops and it is a process that delays germination as well as reduces its rate and even causes total loss of seed viability. However, the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms that regulate maize seeds, especially aging seed germination remain unclear. Coronatine (COR) which is a phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae and a new type of plant growth regulator can effectively regulate plant growth and development, and regulate seed germination. In this study, the physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms of COR-induced maize seed germination under different aging degrees were analyzed. The results showed that 0.001-0.01 μmol/L COR could promote the germination of aging maize seed and the growth of primary roots and shoots. COR treatment increased the content of gibberellins (GA<sub>3</sub>) and decreased the content of abscisic acid (ABA) in B73 seeds before germination. The result of RNA-seq analysis showed 497 differentially expressed genes in COR treatment compared with the control. Three genes associated with GA biosynthesis (ZmCPPS2, ZmD3, and ZmGA2ox2), and two genes associated with GA signaling transduction (ZmGID1 and ZmBHLH158) were up-regulated. Three genes negatively regulating GA signaling transduction (ZmGRAS48, ZmGRAS54, and Zm00001d033369) and two genes involved in ABA biosynthesis (ZmVP14 and ZmPCO14472) were down-regulated. The physiological test results also showed that the effects of GA and ABA on seed germination were similar to those of high and low-concentration COR, respectively, which indicated that the effect of COR on seed germination may be carried out through GA and ABA pathways. In addition, GO and KEGG analysis suggested that COR is also highly involved in antioxidant enzyme systems and secondary metabolite synthesis to regulate maize seed germination processes. These findings provide a valuable reference for further research on the mechanisms of maize seed germination.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20064,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Plant Molecular Biology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Plant Molecular Biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-024-01486-1\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Plant Molecular Biology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-024-01486-1","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
玉米是生产饲料和食品的重要原料。健康的种子萌发对提高玉米的产量和质量非常重要。农作物种子衰老的速度相对较快，这一过程会延迟萌发，降低萌发率，甚至导致种子活力完全丧失。然而，调控玉米种子，尤其是衰老种子萌发的生理和转录机制仍不清楚。冠突散囊菌毒素（COR）是由丁香假单胞菌（Pseudomonas syringae）产生的一种植物毒素，也是一种新型植物生长调节剂，能有效调节植物生长发育，调节种子萌发。本研究分析了不同老化程度下 COR 诱导玉米种子萌发的生理和转录组学机制。结果表明，0.001-0.01 μmol/L COR能促进老化玉米种子的萌发以及主根和芽的生长。COR处理可提高B73种子萌发前赤霉素（GA3）的含量，降低脱落酸（ABA）的含量。RNA-seq分析结果表明，与对照相比，COR处理中有497个差异表达基因。3个与GA生物合成相关的基因（ZmCPPS2、ZmD3和ZmGA2ox2）和2个与GA信号转导相关的基因（ZmGID1和ZmBHLH158）被上调。三个负调控 GA 信号转导的基因（ZmGRAS48、ZmGRAS54 和 Zm00001d033369）和两个参与 ABA 生物合成的基因（ZmVP14 和 ZmPCO14472）被下调。生理测试结果还表明，GA 和 ABA 对种子萌发的影响分别与高浓度和低浓度 COR 的影响相似，这表明 COR 对种子萌发的影响可能是通过 GA 和 ABA 途径进行的。此外，GO和KEGG分析表明，COR还高度参与抗氧化酶系统和次生代谢产物的合成，以调控玉米种子的萌发过程。这些发现为进一步研究玉米种子萌发机理提供了有价值的参考。
Deciphering physiological and transcriptional mechanisms of maize seed germination.
Maize is a valuable raw material for feed and food production. Healthy seed germination is important for improving the yield and quality of maize. Seed aging occurs relatively fast in crops and it is a process that delays germination as well as reduces its rate and even causes total loss of seed viability. However, the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms that regulate maize seeds, especially aging seed germination remain unclear. Coronatine (COR) which is a phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae and a new type of plant growth regulator can effectively regulate plant growth and development, and regulate seed germination. In this study, the physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms of COR-induced maize seed germination under different aging degrees were analyzed. The results showed that 0.001-0.01 μmol/L COR could promote the germination of aging maize seed and the growth of primary roots and shoots. COR treatment increased the content of gibberellins (GA3) and decreased the content of abscisic acid (ABA) in B73 seeds before germination. The result of RNA-seq analysis showed 497 differentially expressed genes in COR treatment compared with the control. Three genes associated with GA biosynthesis (ZmCPPS2, ZmD3, and ZmGA2ox2), and two genes associated with GA signaling transduction (ZmGID1 and ZmBHLH158) were up-regulated. Three genes negatively regulating GA signaling transduction (ZmGRAS48, ZmGRAS54, and Zm00001d033369) and two genes involved in ABA biosynthesis (ZmVP14 and ZmPCO14472) were down-regulated. The physiological test results also showed that the effects of GA and ABA on seed germination were similar to those of high and low-concentration COR, respectively, which indicated that the effect of COR on seed germination may be carried out through GA and ABA pathways. In addition, GO and KEGG analysis suggested that COR is also highly involved in antioxidant enzyme systems and secondary metabolite synthesis to regulate maize seed germination processes. These findings provide a valuable reference for further research on the mechanisms of maize seed germination.
期刊介绍：
Plant Molecular Biology is an international journal dedicated to rapid publication of original research articles in all areas of plant biology.The Editorial Board welcomes full-length manuscripts that address important biological problems of broad interest, including research in comparative genomics, functional genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, computational biology, biochemical and regulatory networks, and biotechnology. Because space in the journal is limited, however, preference is given to publication of results that provide significant new insights into biological problems and that advance the understanding of structure, function, mechanisms, or regulation. Authors must ensure that results are of high quality and that manuscripts are written for a broad plant science audience.
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