Establishing a user demand hierarchy model driven by a mental model for complex operating systems

In complex human-computer interactions, issues such as task failures, system malfunctions, and frequent accidents caused by user errors are common. Therefore, it is necessary to study complex system interactions to enhance overall efficiency. This study focuses on the task interface of a digital twin system for computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools and examines the relationship between the user mental model and interface design elements. Key mental information is obtained through questionnaires and interviews, forming the basis for establishing a user mental model. High-frequency information words are extracted, experimental samples are designed, and importance rating surveys are conducted. Quantitative analysis methods, including factor analysis and weight calculation, are utilized to analyze the needs of target users. Consequently, a user demand hierarchy model is constructed. This approach aims to effectively reduce user errors in the human-computer interaction process within complex systems and enhance cognitive efficiency.