中国南方旱地作物对气候的适应性

IF 2.6 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目前尚不清楚旱地作物是如何适应中国南方潮湿气候的,但它们是该地区史前农业系统的重要组成部分。本研究利用从中国南方 110 个考古遗址收集到的考古植物学成果、这些考古遗址基于数字高程模型(DEM)的坡度结果、区域气象数据和古气候记录,分析了影响史前旱地农业分布的主要因素,以帮助了解这种农业对中国南方的适应性,并评估气候变化在该地区旱地作物扩展中的作用。研究结果强调了有效水输入和温度的重要性。史前时期的农民在中国南方种植旱地作物的策略多种多样。旱地作物的主要比例集中于狐尾粟(占旱地作物总量的 75%以上),并根据低海拔地区降水和地形造成的有效水分输入变化进行调整。约 3° 可能是中国南方低海拔湿润地区农业转型的坡度临界值。干热河谷地区以黍为主(61.7%)或以水稻为主(85.3%)的农业系统,以及云贵高原西部以小麦为主(51.8%)的农业,分别是为了适应干旱气候和夏季低温而发展起来的。公元前 5000 年以来亚洲季风的减弱客观上有利于旱地农业在中国南方低山坡地区的扩展,但不应高估气候变化对旱地作物扩展的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The adaptation of dryland crops to the climate in southern China

It is unclear how dryland crops adapted to the humid climate of southern China, nevertheless they were an important component of prehistoric agricultural systems in the region. In this study, archaeobotanical results assembled from 110 archaeological sites in southern China, Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-based slope results of these archaeological sites, regional meteorological data and paleoclimate records were used to analyse the main factors affecting the distribution of prehistoric dryland agriculture, to help understand the adaptation of this agriculture to southern China and assess the role of climate change in the expansion of dryland crops in the region. The results highlighted the importance of effective water input and temperature. Farmers in prehistoric times adopted diverse strategies to plant dryland crops in southern China. The main proportion of the dryland crops centred on the use of foxtail millet (over 75% of the total dryland crops) and it was adjusted to adapt to the variations in effective water inputs resulting from precipitation and topography in the low-elevation area. Approximately 3° might be the slope threshold for agricultural transformation in the low-elevation humid areas of southern China. The millets-dominated (61.7%) or rice-dominated (85.3%) agricultural systems in dry-hot valleys, and wheat-dominated (51.8%) agriculture in the west Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau were developed to adapt to the arid climate and the low summer temperature, respectively. The weakening of the Asian monsoon since 5000 BC had objectively favoured the expansion of dryland agriculture in the low-slope areas of southern China, but the role of climate change should not be overestimated in the expansion of dryland crops.

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来源期刊
Journal of Archaeological Science
Journal of Archaeological Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
7.10%
发文量
112
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Science is aimed at archaeologists and scientists with particular interests in advancing the development and application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology. This established monthly journal publishes focus articles, original research papers and major review articles, of wide archaeological significance. The journal provides an international forum for archaeologists and scientists from widely different scientific backgrounds who share a common interest in developing and applying scientific methods to inform major debates through improving the quality and reliability of scientific information derived from archaeological research.
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