古代寄生虫分析:探索过去社会中的传染病

IF 2.6 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

寄生虫是影响人类进化的传染病的病原体。有些寄生虫在过去的全球社会中似乎无处不在,但有些寄生虫只在条件适合其复杂生命周期的独特地区生存。这篇综述探讨了我们如何复原和识别古代寄生虫,然后通过查阅文献,探讨这些证据如何帮助我们更好地了解过去的社会。卫生基础设施、饮食、烹饪方法、生活方式、行为和环境的多样性都会影响到可能感染古人的寄生虫种类,并决定感染的普遍程度。我们在思考寄生虫感染对健康造成的多种损害时,也考虑了寄生虫感染在过去不同社会中对健康造成的影响。许多研究都集中在一个地理区域,而某些寄生虫物种的明显流行范围的变化,可以评估人类与周围环境之间的关系。当寄生虫在其惯常活动范围之外被发现时,这可以作为长途旅行和迁徙的标志。随着过去人群中寄生虫证据的不断增加,我们也可以以创新的方式利用这些信息来更好地了解过去的人们。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ancient parasite analysis: Exploring infectious diseases in past societies

Parasites are the causative agents of infectious diseases that have affected humans throughout our evolution. Some appear to have been ubiquitous in past societies around the globe, but others were only viable in distinct regions where the conditions suited their complex life cycles. This review considers how we can recover and identify ancient parasites, before interrogating the literature to explore some of the ways this evidence can help us to better understand past societies. Variability in sanitation infrastructure, diet, cooking methods, lifestyle, behaviour and environment all affected the kinds of parasites that could infect past people, and determined how common infection was. The health consequences of parasite infection in different past communities are considered, as we think about the many ways health can be impaired by such infections. Where a good number of studies have focussed on one geographic region, variation in the apparent endemic range of certain parasite species allows an assessment of the relationship between humans and the surrounding environment. When parasites are found outside of their usual range this can be used as a marker of long distance travel and migrations. As the body of evidence for parasites in past populations expands, so do the ways we can use this information in an innovative manner to better understand those who lived in the past.

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来源期刊
Journal of Archaeological Science
Journal of Archaeological Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
7.10%
发文量
112
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Science is aimed at archaeologists and scientists with particular interests in advancing the development and application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology. This established monthly journal publishes focus articles, original research papers and major review articles, of wide archaeological significance. The journal provides an international forum for archaeologists and scientists from widely different scientific backgrounds who share a common interest in developing and applying scientific methods to inform major debates through improving the quality and reliability of scientific information derived from archaeological research.
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