Australian megafires alter predicted distribution of the southern greater glider (Petauroides volans)

Altered fire regimes and the increased frequency and/or severity of wildfires are significant issues for fire-sensitive species. In the Austral summer of 2019/2020, Australia experienced one of the worst fire seasons in recorded history (known as the 2019/2020 megafires), affecting 12.6 million hectares of eastern Australia. The Endangered southern greater glider (Petauroides volans) inhabits large areas impacted by the 2019/2020 megafires. With increasing fire severity, frequency, and intensity, there is a need to understand where in the landscape southern greater gliders are most impacted by fire, and where the species is most likely to persist in fire-affected landscapes. This is challenging given the lack of systematic data collected for this species. Maximum entropy modelling (Maxent) is a type of species distribution model with good predictive performance for presence-only records. We used Maxent to model the distribution of the southern greater glider in the two years prior (2017–2019) and two years post (2020–2022) megafire across the East Gippsland region of Victoria, an area heavily affected by the 2019/2020 megafires. Whilst we found that the predicted short-term area of occurrence of the southern greater glider remained relatively stable in the two years after megafire, a large area of marginal habitat was considerably reduced. We interpret this result as a potential contraction of suitable habitat where southern greater gliders may become isolated. Post fire, higher elevation areas and locations that experienced comparatively lower fire severity and a lower fire frequency had a higher predicted occurrence of the southern greater glider. Understanding the role of fire in species survival is essential for effective biodiversity conservation and management of species. More comprehensive and systematic monitoring in suitable and unsuitable areas will enhance our understanding of the distribution of the southern greater glider, including areas subject to wildfire.