在基于代理的模型模拟中,成本结构和社会生态条件对人类全亲照料的适应性结果的影响

IF 3 1区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全亲照料--照料非亲生子女--在人类中普遍存在。实证研究揭示了谁照顾孩子的社会生态差异,但对所提供照顾的类型关注较少。为了更好地理解不同形式的全亲照护(或称allocare)对健康的影响,我们根据经济成本结构将这种照护分为两大类:加成成本和边际成本递减的allocare。加法成本分配法要求全职父母为每个接受照顾的孩子支付相等的成本,而递减边际成本分配法则要求在照顾第一个孩子之外的其他孩子时降低成本。鉴于这一一般类型,我们研究了在稀缺或富裕的社会生态条件下,提供的分配抚养类型会如何影响适应性。基于代理的模型结果表明,几乎在所有情况下,"分配 "都会对健康有益,但成本结构的影响取决于资源的可用性。在资源丰富的情况下,allocare 的成本结构并不重要,因为个体的繁殖成功更多地是受生育率和死亡率的制约,而不是受资源或时间的制约。然而,在资源匮乏的情况下,当分配成本的边际成本结构下降时,生殖成功率的提高幅度最大。这是因为规模经济允许所有父母以折扣价扩大照料规模。因此,我们预计分配照料的做法在不同文化中都会表现出这些模式:在稀缺的环境中,分配照料预计会集中在边际成本结构递减的做法上,其可变性要比在丰富的环境中小得多。我们讨论了几个与我们的模拟结果相一致的人种学实例,最后我们对未来的 "分配式 "建模和实证工作提出了建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cost structures and socioecological conditions impact the fitness outcomes of human alloparental care in agent-based model simulations

Alloparental care—care provided to children who are not one's offspring—is ubiquitous across human populations. Empirical research reveals socioecological variation in who cares for children, but less attention has been paid to the type of care provided. To better understand the fitness outcomes of different forms of alloparental care, or allocare, we categorize such care into two broad forms based on economic cost structures: additive cost and declining marginal cost allocare. Additive cost allocare requires alloparents to pay equal costs for each child to whom care is provided, while declining marginal cost allocare entails reduced costs for additional children beyond the first. Given this general typology, we investigate how fitness is impacted by the type of allocare provided in socioecological conditions of scarcity or abundance. Results of an agent-based model indicate that allocare has fitness benefits in nearly all circumstances, but the impact of cost structures depends on resource availability. In contexts of abundance, the cost structure of allocare does not matter as individuals' reproductive success is instead constrained by fertility and mortality more than the availability of resources or time. In conditions of scarcity, however, the greatest increases in reproductive success are achieved when allocare has a declining marginal cost structure. This is due to an economy of scale permitting alloparents to scale up their care at discounted rates. Consequently, we expect allocare practices to exhibit these patterns cross-culturally: in contexts of scarcity allocare is anticipated to be focused on practices with declining marginal cost structures and to be much less variable than in contexts of abundance. We discuss several ethnographic examples that are consistent with the overall findings of our simulations, and we conclude with recommendations for future modeling and empirical work on allocare.

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来源期刊
Evolution and Human Behavior
Evolution and Human Behavior 生物-行为科学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
9.80%
发文量
62
审稿时长
82 days
期刊介绍: Evolution and Human Behavior is an interdisciplinary journal, presenting research reports and theory in which evolutionary perspectives are brought to bear on the study of human behavior. It is primarily a scientific journal, but submissions from scholars in the humanities are also encouraged. Papers reporting on theoretical and empirical work on other species will be welcome if their relevance to the human animal is apparent.
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