瞬时盐分稀释法在测量上游溪流中的实用性。

Ground water Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1111/gwat.13437
Karli M Rogers, Jennifer B Fair, Nathaniel P Hitt, Karmann G Kessler, Zachary A Kelly, Martin Briggs
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引用次数: 0

摘要

溪流记录偏重于大的溪流和河流,而小的源头溪流往往是应对气候变化的生态研究重点。声学多普勒流速仪(ADV)等传统流量测量仪器在小溪流的低流量条件下表现不佳,导致在地下水流入为主的关键基流条件下无法绘制等级曲线。我们重新研究了一种基于配对测量的瞬时溶质示踪剂注入法,作为 ADV 的替代方法,以比较其在各种水流条件下的精度、效率和可行性。我们的研究表明,使用盐稀释注入法和 ADV 法测量排水量的精度总体上相当,但盐稀释注入法在最低流量时精度更高,而且实施所需的时间更短。通常情况下,上游溪流的深度处于或低于可以尝试 ADV 测量的临界值,而且横断面因粗糙的河床材料和鹅卵石而变得复杂。我们讨论了通过蛞蝓注入法稀释盐分的方法优势和局限性,并得出结论认为,这种方法可以促进溪流观测在源头溪流网络中的普及,因为与较大的溪流相比,源头溪流的取样严重不足。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Utility of an Instantaneous Salt Dilution Method for Measuring Streamflow in Headwater Streams.

Streamflow records are biased toward large streams and rivers, yet small headwater streams are often the focus of ecological research in response to climate change. Conventional flow measurement instruments such as acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) do not perform well during low-flow conditions in small streams, truncating the development of rating curves during critical baseflow conditions dominated by groundwater inflow. We revisited an instantaneous solute tracer injection method as an alternative to ADVs based on paired measurements to compare their precision, efficiency, and feasibility within headwater streams across a range of flow conditions. We show that the precision of discharge measurements using salt dilution by slug injection and ADV methods were comparable overall, but salt dilution was more precise during the lowest flows and required less time to implement. Often, headwater streams were at or below the depth threshold where ADV measurements could even be attempted and transects were complicated by coarse bed material and cobbles. We discuss the methodological benefits and limitations of salt dilution by slug injection and conclude that the method could facilitate a proliferation of streamflow observation across headwater stream networks that are highly undersampled compared to larger streams.

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