Seeking Protection in the Heart of the Storm: Findings from a Grounded Theory Study

Background. Nurse protection is a multifaceted concept that has become increasingly relevant in recent years. Despite its importance in effectively managing pandemics, there is still a gap in knowledge about how nurses achieve protection in hospitals. Objective. To describe the process of seeking protection among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A grounded theory approach from 2020 to 2022, employing purposive and theoretical sampling. Face-to-face and online interviews were conducted with 25 participants, resulting in 29 interviews. Data analysis was carried out using Corbin and Strauss’s method (2015). Results. The analysis revealed that nurses encountered numerous obstacles related to patients, nurses themselves, organizations, and the passage of time during the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges were intertwined with three key concepts: transformations, inequalities, and emotional challenges, highlighting the multifaceted nature of nurses’ protection concerns. In response, nurses employed a protective strategy bolstered by catalysts to address these challenges. This strategy encompassed both optimistic outlooks (“Bright horizon”) and somber reflections (“Unpleasant reflection”). Ultimately, seeking protection in the heart of the storm emerged as the core concept, representing the multifaceted process through which nurses navigate and seek protection amidst the unique challenges posed by the pandemic. Conclusions. This study presents a comprehensive theory that explicitly explains the multifaceted process of seeking protection among hospital-employed nurses during a pandemic. The theory captures the interconnectedness of challenges faced by nurses and the protective strategies they employ while acknowledging the nuanced balance between hopeful prospects and sobering reflections. Implications for Nursing Management. Policymakers, managers, and educators can utilize the findings to improve nursing management and support systems. By increasing awareness, addressing challenges, and providing robust support, they can enhance the well-being and effectiveness of nurses during healthcare crises, ultimately improving patient care quality.