安全之桥:探索爱沙尼亚个体自营职业者的失业保险

IF 1.5 Q3 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Johanna Vallistu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

COVID-19 危机凸显了更好地获得失业保险的必要性,尤其是对个体自营职业者而言。传统上,个体自营职业者被视为自担风险的创业者,但他们的就业与创业之间的界限已变得模糊,从而引发了有关适当社会保护的问题。这种转变在很大程度上归因于平台工作的兴起,而平台工作往往与依附性自营职业和工人不稳定的社会保障状况联系在一起。在爱沙尼亚,个体自营职业越来越普遍,失业保险的获取和保护水平取决于工人的意识和意图,以及任务中介平台对平台工人所采取的方法。虽然包括平台工作者在内的自营职业者可以通过选择某些合法的工作形式并定期缴费来获得保险,但有效获得保险的机会仍然有限。低收入和不固定收入带来了资格方面的挑战,某些合法的自雇形式可能会阻碍获得福利,尽管通过其他途径获得了资格。从长远来看,这些挑战可能会破坏爱沙尼亚社会保障体系的可持续性,这就强调了迫切需要进行全面改革,以确保包括从事平台工作的人在内的所有自营职业者都能公平地获得失业保险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bridge to security: Exploring unemployment insurance for solo self-employed in Estonia
The COVID-19 crisis highlighted the need for better access to unemployment insurance, particularly for solo self-employed workers. Traditionally seen as entrepreneurs bearing their own risks, the line between employment and entrepreneurship for solo self-employed has blurred, raising questions about adequate social protection. This shift is largely attributed to the rise of platform work, often linked with dependent self-employment and a precarious social security landscape for workers. In Estonia, where solo self-employment is increasingly common, access to unemployment insurance and the level of protection depends on the workers’ awareness and intent, as well as the approach adopted by task-mediating platforms in the case of platform workers. While the self-employed, including platform workers, can access insurance by opting for certain legal forms of work and making regular contributions, effective access remains limited. Low and irregular income poses eligibility challenges, and certain legal forms of self-employment can hinder access to benefits, despite eligibility through other means. In the long run, these challenges could undermine the sustainability of Estonia's social security system, emphasising the critical need for comprehensive reforms to ensure equitable access to unemployment insurance for all self-employed individuals, including those engaged in platform work.
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来源期刊
European Journal of Social Security
European Journal of Social Security PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION-
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
28
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