鹅和天鹅对水生大型植物的食草--方法、影响和管理综述

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Elsie Kjeller, Jonas Waldenström, Johan Elmberg, G. Gunnarsson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近几十年来,人们越来越关注草食性雁类和天鹅(鹅形目:鹅科:鹅属)数量的增加如何影响湿地中的大型植物群落,尤其是因为许多水体同时受到富营养化和生物多样性下降等压力因素的影响。在此,我们回顾了有关在水生生态系统中进行放牧实验的方法的文献。我们还研究了不同的大型植物特征如何对水禽的食草行为做出反应。结果表明,不同研究的研究方法和大型植物的反应都大相径庭。虽然大多数有关放牧压力的实验研究都采用了 "配对小区设计",即隔离区和开放的对照小区,但不同研究的小区结构、大小和位置都不尽相同。常见的大型植物变量包括生物量(地上或地下部分)、密度、高度、植物覆盖率和群落组成。文献证明,大雁和天鹅对其中几个变量有显著影响,但结果取决于其他因素,如水禽密度、水深和时间(季节内或季节间/年份内)。由于水生生态系统面临着持续的保护威胁,我们需要更多地了解水禽食草对这些环境可能造成的直接和间接影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Herbivory on aquatic macrophytes by geese and swans—a review of methods, effects, and management
In recent decades, interest has grown in how increasing populations of herbivorous geese and swans (Anseriformes: Anatidae: Anserinae) affect macrophyte communities in wetlands, especially because many waterbodies are simultaneously subjected to stressors like eutrophication and biodiversity declines. Here, we review the literature on methods applied in grazing experiments that have been conducted in aquatic ecosystems. We also investigate and how different macrophyte characteristics may respond to waterfowl herbivory. Results indicate that both research methodology and responses of macrophytes differ widely among studies. While most experimental studies on grazing pressure employ a ‘paired plot design’ with exclosures and open control plots, the structure, size, and placement of plots vary among studies. Commonly sampled macrophyte variables are biomass (of either above- or below-ground plant parts), density, height, plant cover, and community composition. The literature provides support that geese and swans significantly affect several of these variables, but the outcome depends on additional factors, e.g., waterfowl density, water depth, and timing (within or between seasons/years). Because of the persisting conservation threats to aquatic ecosystems, more knowledge is needed about potential direct and indirect consequences of waterfowl herbivory in these environments.
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来源期刊
Ornis Svecica
Ornis Svecica Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
5
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