Usefulness of somatosensory evoked potentials for monitoring the clinical course of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

Introduction/aims: Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) are described as a supportive tool to diagnose chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP); however, there is a lack of studies determining the effectiveness of SSEPs in monitoring the clinical course of individuals with this condition. The aims of this study are to evaluate the utility of SSEPs in monitoring patients with CIDP and to assess their association with clinical outcomes following immunomodulatory therapy.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective observational study that included patients who met European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society criteria for CIDP between 2018 and 2023. SSEPs were performed at diagnosis and during follow-up after the start of immunomodulatory treatment. Fisher's exact test was employed to assess the association between clinical improvement and SSEP improvement.

Results: Eighteen patients were included in the study. Ten patients had a typical CIDP pattern and 11 were male. In 17, SSEPs were abnormal prior to the start of immunomodulatory treatment. In patients who showed clinical improvement with immunomodulatory therapy, we observed that 15/17 had partial or complete improvement in SSEPs. Patients who showed no clinical improvement with first-line treatment exhibited worsening SSEPs. There was a significant association between clinical and SSEPs improvement (p = 0.009).

Discussion: We observed a positive association between improvement in SSEPs and clinical improvement in patients with CIDP. Our data suggest that SSEPs may be useful for monitoring the clinical course of patients with CIDP, but additional, larger studies are needed.