Holly Bihun, Noraidatulakma Abdullah, Nor Azian Abdul Murad, Chin Siok Fong, Azwa Shawani Kamalul Arifin, Aisyatul Najihah Khuzaimi, Fredrik Karpe, Sarah Lewington, Jennifer Carter, Fiona Bragg, Rahman Jamal
{"title":"马来西亚队列中绝经后妇女多种族样本的体脂分布和骨矿物质密度。","authors":"Holly Bihun, Noraidatulakma Abdullah, Nor Azian Abdul Murad, Chin Siok Fong, Azwa Shawani Kamalul Arifin, Aisyatul Najihah Khuzaimi, Fredrik Karpe, Sarah Lewington, Jennifer Carter, Fiona Bragg, Rahman Jamal","doi":"10.1007/s11657-024-01435-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Summary</h3><p>In this study of postmenopausal women in Malaysia, total adiposity was inversely associated with total BMD, while regional associations varied. No differences were detected across Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. Low BMD contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality, and increasing adiposity levels globally may be contributing to this.</p><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate associations of total and regional adiposity with bone mineral density (BMD) among a multi-ethnic cohort of postmenopausal women.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging was undertaken for 1990 postmenopausal women without prior chronic diseases (30% Malay, 53% Chinese, and 17% Indian) from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC). The strength of the associations between standardized total and regional body fat percentages with total and regional BMD was examined using linear regression models adjusted for age, height, lean mass, ethnicity, education, and diabetes. Effect modification was assessed for ethnicity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Women with a higher total body fat percentage were more likely to be Indian or Malay. Mean (SD) BMD for the whole-body total, lumbar spine, leg, and arm were 1.08 (0.11), 0.96 (0.15), 2.21 (0.22), and 1.36 (0.12) g/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Total body and visceral fat percentage were inversely associated with total BMD (− 0.02 [95% CI − 0.03, − 0.01] and − 0.01 [− 0.02, − 0.006] g/cm<sup>2</sup> per 1 SD, respectively). In contrast, subcutaneous and gynoid fat percentages were positively associated with BMD (0.007 [0.002, 0.01] and 0.01 [0.006, 0.02] g/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively). Total body fat percentage showed a weak positive association with lumbar BMD (0.01 [0.004, 0.02]) and inverse associations with leg (− 0.04 [− 0.06, − 0.03]) and arm (− 0.02 [− 0.03, − 0.02]) BMD in the highest four quintiles. There was no effect modification by ethnicity (<i>p</i><sub>hetero</sub> > 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Total adiposity was inversely associated with total BMD, although regional associations varied. There was no heterogeneity across ethnic groups suggesting adiposity may be a risk factor for low BMD across diverse populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306509/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Body fat distribution and bone mineral density in a multi-ethnic sample of postmenopausal women in The Malaysian Cohort\",\"authors\":\"Holly Bihun, Noraidatulakma Abdullah, Nor Azian Abdul Murad, Chin Siok Fong, Azwa Shawani Kamalul Arifin, Aisyatul Najihah Khuzaimi, Fredrik Karpe, Sarah Lewington, Jennifer Carter, Fiona Bragg, Rahman Jamal\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11657-024-01435-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Summary</h3><p>In this study of postmenopausal women in Malaysia, total adiposity was inversely associated with total BMD, while regional associations varied. No differences were detected across Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. Low BMD contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality, and increasing adiposity levels globally may be contributing to this.</p><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate associations of total and regional adiposity with bone mineral density (BMD) among a multi-ethnic cohort of postmenopausal women.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging was undertaken for 1990 postmenopausal women without prior chronic diseases (30% Malay, 53% Chinese, and 17% Indian) from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC). The strength of the associations between standardized total and regional body fat percentages with total and regional BMD was examined using linear regression models adjusted for age, height, lean mass, ethnicity, education, and diabetes. Effect modification was assessed for ethnicity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Women with a higher total body fat percentage were more likely to be Indian or Malay. Mean (SD) BMD for the whole-body total, lumbar spine, leg, and arm were 1.08 (0.11), 0.96 (0.15), 2.21 (0.22), and 1.36 (0.12) g/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Total body and visceral fat percentage were inversely associated with total BMD (− 0.02 [95% CI − 0.03, − 0.01] and − 0.01 [− 0.02, − 0.006] g/cm<sup>2</sup> per 1 SD, respectively). In contrast, subcutaneous and gynoid fat percentages were positively associated with BMD (0.007 [0.002, 0.01] and 0.01 [0.006, 0.02] g/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively). Total body fat percentage showed a weak positive association with lumbar BMD (0.01 [0.004, 0.02]) and inverse associations with leg (− 0.04 [− 0.06, − 0.03]) and arm (− 0.02 [− 0.03, − 0.02]) BMD in the highest four quintiles. There was no effect modification by ethnicity (<i>p</i><sub>hetero</sub> > 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Total adiposity was inversely associated with total BMD, although regional associations varied. There was no heterogeneity across ethnic groups suggesting adiposity may be a risk factor for low BMD across diverse populations.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":3,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ACS Applied Electronic Materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306509/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ACS Applied Electronic Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11657-024-01435-x\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11657-024-01435-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
Body fat distribution and bone mineral density in a multi-ethnic sample of postmenopausal women in The Malaysian Cohort
Summary
In this study of postmenopausal women in Malaysia, total adiposity was inversely associated with total BMD, while regional associations varied. No differences were detected across Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. Low BMD contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality, and increasing adiposity levels globally may be contributing to this.
Purpose
To investigate associations of total and regional adiposity with bone mineral density (BMD) among a multi-ethnic cohort of postmenopausal women.
Methods
Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging was undertaken for 1990 postmenopausal women without prior chronic diseases (30% Malay, 53% Chinese, and 17% Indian) from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC). The strength of the associations between standardized total and regional body fat percentages with total and regional BMD was examined using linear regression models adjusted for age, height, lean mass, ethnicity, education, and diabetes. Effect modification was assessed for ethnicity.
Results
Women with a higher total body fat percentage were more likely to be Indian or Malay. Mean (SD) BMD for the whole-body total, lumbar spine, leg, and arm were 1.08 (0.11), 0.96 (0.15), 2.21 (0.22), and 1.36 (0.12) g/cm2, respectively. Total body and visceral fat percentage were inversely associated with total BMD (− 0.02 [95% CI − 0.03, − 0.01] and − 0.01 [− 0.02, − 0.006] g/cm2 per 1 SD, respectively). In contrast, subcutaneous and gynoid fat percentages were positively associated with BMD (0.007 [0.002, 0.01] and 0.01 [0.006, 0.02] g/cm2, respectively). Total body fat percentage showed a weak positive association with lumbar BMD (0.01 [0.004, 0.02]) and inverse associations with leg (− 0.04 [− 0.06, − 0.03]) and arm (− 0.02 [− 0.03, − 0.02]) BMD in the highest four quintiles. There was no effect modification by ethnicity (phetero > 0.05).
Conclusion
Total adiposity was inversely associated with total BMD, although regional associations varied. There was no heterogeneity across ethnic groups suggesting adiposity may be a risk factor for low BMD across diverse populations.
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