Acute kidney injury is associated with soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 levels and short-term mortality in patients with ischemic stroke

Background

The mechanisms that modulate the onset of acute kidney inlury (AKI) after ischemic stroke (IS) and valuable biomarkers to predict the occurrence and prognosis of AKI among patients with IS are missing.

Objective

To evaluate the frequency of AKI and the prognostic validity of clinical and laboratory biomarkers in predicting AKI and short-term mortality after the IS.

Methods

Ninety-five patients with IS were enrolled. Baseline IS severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and disability was determined after three-month follow-up using the modified Rankin Scale. Patients with IS were also categorized as survivors and non-survivors after the follow-up. Baseline data and laboratory biomarkers were obtained up to 24 h of the admission.

Results

Fifteen (15.7 %) patients with IS presented AKI. The proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency and the mortality were higher among those with AKI than those without AKI (p=0.011 and p-0.009, respectively). Patients with AKI showed higher disability and higher increased soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) than those without AKI (p=0.029 and p=0.023, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that only sVCAM-1 was associated with the occurrence of AKI after IS [odds ratio (OR): 2.715, 95 % confidence intereval (CI): 1.12–6.67, p=0.027]. When both AKI and NIHSS were evaluated as explanatory variables, this panel showed an OR of 5.782 (95 % CI: 1.09–30.43, p<0.001) and correctly classified 83.6 % of cases.

Conclusion

In conclusion, sVCAM-1 levels showed a potential useful for prediction of AKI after IS.