Workplace violence and harassment: An umbrella review of synthesis studies

The alarming prevalence of workplace violence and harassment (WVH) has serious repercussions for individuals, workplaces, and broader societies. As scholarly interest in WVH intensifies, evidenced by a burgeoning number of studies, a comprehensive overview becomes pivotal, especially in discerning effective prevention and intervention methods. Addressing this, the present study aimed to synthesize the vast array of knowledge, focusing on globally applicable insights for diverse organizational settings. The research was structured in two interlinked phases. In the initial phase, a thorough cross-disciplinary literature search identified five pivotal umbrella reviews on WVH, providing insights into prevalence, risk factors, outcomes, and intervention strategies. These studies spanned the years 2001 to 2022. The subsequent phase undertook an umbrella review of nine synthesis studies, specifically centered on WVH interventions, covering research from 1992 to 2021. Data analysis was performed using a systematic review methodology, following PRISMA guidelines to ensure structured and comprehensive identification and analysis of relevant studies. Results spotlighted certain interventions as notably more impactful. Considering WVH's multifaceted nature, the current study findings support the need for interventions that are multilevel, multitarget, and multicomponent. Among the findings highlighted is the importance of leadership commitment in both implementing successful interventions and fostering a culture of transformation. This study provides researchers and practitioners with an enhanced understanding of WVH and its prevention.