Platinum nanoparticles as delivery system in combating various diseases

Patients having cancer, infectious and other diseases suffer from drug resistance and systemic side effects owing to the conventional chemotherapeutics’ insolubility, toxicity, non-specificity, low therapeutic indices, and several limitations against biological barriers. To overcome these obstacles, nanotechnology-based metallic platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have attracted attention for targeted drug delivery and sustained release against the diseases for the cellular killing as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. PtNPs-based therapeutic systems have been utilized to avail their higher therapeutic efficacies with low concentrations against various diseases due to their suitable physico-chemical features such as shape, size, high surface to volume ratio, favorable bio-stability, easy membrane penetration, and easy surface functionalizations with cargos, ligands, peptides, antibodies and polymers for the targeted and controlled therapy against diseases. PtNPs may also be conjugated with other metals with drugs as suitable carriers for their chemo, photothermal / photoacoustic / magnetic therapies against tumors. This review demonstrates mainly the synthesis, functionalization, mechanism of action, biomedical application and toxicity of PtNPs as suitable nanomedicinal delivery system against diseases. Keywords: Diseases; Platinum nanoparticles; Delivery system; Therapeutic efficacies