Methods of wind energy harnessing: A state-of-the-art and bibliometric analysis

Wind energy is one of the most promising alternatives for obtaining a sustainable electricity generation model with low greenhouse gas emissions. The maturity of this technology, coupled with its low investment costs and good performance, makes it highly interesting for countries to develop projects within this field. However, its high operation intermittency caused by the natural behavior of wind requires preliminary research on the technical conditions (Installation, Capacity, Environmental, Legal, Administrative, Logistics) of the geographical area wherein the wind energy project is planned. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research studies on the potential of wind energy within a territory. This review describes current methodological alternatives for assessing wind energy generation projects and potential energy studies in different geographical areas globally. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis is included, examining the scientific research trends in the field of wind energy in addition to the different technologies and innovations that have contributed to the viability of a greater wind energy generation project. Finally, the study discusses the technical restriction criteria faced by any such project. This paper also seeks to become a point of reference for future reviews and decision-making in wind projects.