有犯罪倾向者的自我实现:社会环境的重要性

K. Zlokazov
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摘要

导言。对有犯罪倾向的个人的自我实现进行研究的相关性是由预防累犯的必要性决定的。本文认为,自我实现作为另一种犯罪学技术,对于研究犯罪原因、重新社会化失败以及服刑后重新融入社会具有重要意义。研究结果表明,对有犯罪倾向的人的自我实现以及人格主观性的其他方面研究不够。因此,没有从整体上看待其在表现出连续致罪人、情境致罪人和守法行为人之间的特殊性,以及社会环境在克服困难方面所起的作用。研究的目的是描述一个人的自我实现情况,这取决于其犯罪程度,以及对影响其实现的社会环境的态度。研究方法分为处理理论信息的方法(分析、综合、分类、概括),以及调查和处理实证研究结果的实证方法(通过曼-惠特尼 U 标准进行分组比较、计算广义线性模型(广义线性模型,GLM))。实证研究致力于研究个人的自我实现情况,这取决于其犯罪行为类型和对社会环境的态度。研究样本由 388 人组成,包括 142 名守法者、133 名情境致罪人和 113 名顺序致罪人。研究结果研究结果以实证的方式描述了自我实现的特殊性,即表现出连续致罪型行为的个人的典型特征,以及社会环境的重要性。研究表明,犯罪诱因对犯罪诱因型个体的自我实现有负面影响,使其难以选择个人重要目标,难以保持和实现该目标。事实证明,与社会环境的关系是保持注意力和应对犯罪致因个体自我实现困难的重要因素。犯罪倾向者的自我实现取决于作为与他人互动主体的自我态度,以及他人对个人重要目标实现的参与。研究结果可应用于对犯罪倾向者的理论研究,设计旨在预防累犯的方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Self-fulfilment of a criminogenic individual: the importance of social environment
Introduction. The relevance of the study of criminogenic individuals’ self-fulfilment is determined by the necessity to prevent recidivism. The paper considers the importance of self-fulfilment as an alternative criminological technique to examine the causes of crime, failures of resocialisation and reintegration into society after serving a criminal sentence. The research shows that self-fulfilment of criminogenic individuals is not studied enough along with other aspects of personality subjectivity. Thus, there is no holistic view of its specificity among individuals demonstrating sequential-criminogenic, situational-criminogenic and law-abiding behaviour, the role that social environment plays in overcoming difficulties. The aim is to describe the self-fulfillment of an individual depending on the level of criminality, as well as attitudes to the social environment that influence its realization. Research methods are divided into methods of processing theoretical information (analysis, synthesis, classification, generalisation), as well as empirical methods of survey and processing the results of empirical research (comparison of groups by Mann-Whitney U-criterion, calculation of the generalized linear model (general linear model, GLM). The empirical study is devoted to the study of self-fulfilment of individuals depending on the type of criminogenic behaviour and attitudes to the social environment. The sample of the study consists of 388 people covering 142 law-abiding individuals, 133 situational-criminogenic people and 113 sequential-criminogenic individuals. Results. The result of the study is an empirical description of the peculiarities of self-fulfilment, typical for individuals exhibiting sequential-criminogenic type of behaviour, and importance of the social environment. The study revealed that criminogenesis negatively affects the self-fulfilment of a criminogenic individual, making it difficult to choose a personal significant goal, its retention and achievement. The availability of relations with the social environment proves to be the essential factor to maintain the focus and dealing with difficulties in self-fulfilment of a criminogenic individual. Self-fulfilment of a criminogenic individual depends on the self-attitude as a subject of interaction with others and participation of other people in personally significant goal attainment. The results can be applied in theoretical studies of criminogenic individuals, designing programs aimed at prevention of recidivism.
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