生物技术行政命令为农业转基因微生物的监管改革和社会接受打开了大门。

IF 4.5 2区农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-07-27 DOI:10.1080/21645698.2024.2381294

Jabeen Ahmad, Amy Grunden, Jennifer Kuzma

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在美国，农业转基因微生物的监管审查属于《生物技术监管协调框架》（CFRB）的管辖范围。然而，缺乏集中监管途径和多个监督机构会导致监管审查的不确定性。本评论以三种基于微生物的农业技术为例，通过在多标准决策分析框架下评估现行制度和拟议的制度改革，指出了与生物技术协调监管框架相关的不足和挑战。此外，它还讨论了根据《CHIPS 和科学法案》以及 2022 年《生物经济行政命令》进行监管改革的机会，以提高农业基因工程微生物的清晰度、效率和公众接受度。

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Biotechnology executive order opens door for regulatory reform and social acceptance of genetically engineered microbes in agriculture.

In the United States, regulatory review of genetically engineered microbes for agriculture falls under the Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology (CFRB). However, the lack of a centralized regulatory pathway and multiple oversight authorities can lead to uncertainty in regulatory review. Using three microbial-based technologies for agriculture as illustrative examples, this commentary identifies the weaknesses and challenges associated with the CFRB by assessing the current system and proposed changes to the system under a multi criteria decision analysis framework. In addition, it discusses opportunities for regulatory reform to improve clarity, efficiency, and public acceptance of genetically engineered microbes in agriculture under the CHIPS and Science Act and the 2022 Executive Order on the Bioeconomy.

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来源期刊

Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

10.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： GM Crops & Food - Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain aims to publish high quality research papers, reviews, and commentaries on a wide range of topics involving genetically modified (GM) crops in agriculture and genetically modified food. The journal provides a platform for research papers addressing fundamental questions in the development, testing, and application of transgenic crops. The journal further covers topics relating to socio-economic issues, commercialization, trade and societal issues. GM Crops & Food aims to provide an international forum on all issues related to GM crops, especially toward meaningful communication between scientists and policy-makers. GM Crops & Food will publish relevant and high-impact original research with a special focus on novelty-driven studies with the potential for application. The journal also publishes authoritative review articles on current research and policy initiatives, and commentary on broad perspectives regarding genetically modified crops. The journal serves a wide readership including scientists, breeders, and policy-makers, as well as a wider community of readers (educators, policy makers, scholars, science writers and students) interested in agriculture, medicine, biotechnology, investment, and technology transfer. Topics covered include, but are not limited to: • Production and analysis of transgenic crops • Gene insertion studies • Gene silencing • Factors affecting gene expression • Post-translational analysis • Molecular farming • Field trial analysis • Commercialization of modified crops • Safety and regulatory affairs BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • Biofuels • Data from field trials • Development of transformation technology • Elimination of pollutants (Bioremediation) • Gene silencing mechanisms • Genome Editing • Herbicide resistance • Molecular farming • Pest resistance • Plant reproduction (e.g., male sterility, hybrid breeding, apomixis) • Plants with altered composition • Tolerance to abiotic stress • Transgenesis in agriculture • Biofortification and nutrients improvement • Genomic, proteomic and bioinformatics methods used for developing GM cops ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES • Commercialization • Consumer attitudes • International bodies • National and local government policies • Public perception, intellectual property, education, (bio)ethical issues • Regulation, environmental impact and containment • Socio-economic impact • Food safety and security • Risk assessments