Spray characteristics of elliptical orifice spray in diesel engine under air movement conditions

The development of high-quality mixture is a critical requirement for achieving high-efficiency and low-emission diesel engines, and fuel injection system performance improvement and in-cylinder airflow organization are crucial ways for achieving high-quality mixture. The elliptical nozzle is used as the research object in this research, and numerical simulation is utilized to investigate the effect of different airflow speeds and directions on the atomization characteristics of the elliptical nozzle jet, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the engineering application of the elliptical nozzle in diesel engines. The results show that under the same airflow conditions, the vertical penetration distance of the spray decreases while the horizontal penetration distance increases with the use of elliptical orifices, the surface wave perturbation on the windward side is more violent, and reduce spray field the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). The spray projected area grew by 13.5%, the spray SMD dropped by 14.8%, and the vertical penetration distance of the spray with elliptical orifices fell by 18% with an increase in airflow velocity from 0 to 20 m/s. When the airflow direction and the spray direction were at a 90° angle and the SMD was lower than that of the circular orifice by 12.9%. The angle between the airflow direction and the short axis of the elliptical orifice was 30°when the spray projection area was larger, the perturbation of the spray body was more intense, and the surface wave amplitude was larger.