Zhen-Zhen Li, Qian-Hui Wang, Run-Ze He, Zhao Zhang, Zi-Chen Li
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引用次数: 0
摘要
量子水印技术面临着各种挑战,其中最重要的挑战是,与经典水印技术不同,量子水印技术在构建完整系统方面取得的成果仍然很少。有鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于最小有效位(LSB)算法的双域量子彩色图像水印方案。为了实现图像表示的目的,载体图像和水印图像通过彩色数字图像的新型量子表示(NCQI)(Sang et al. in Quantum Inf Process 16:1-14, 2017)来表示,其大小分别为\(2^{n} \times 2^{n}\) 和\(2^{n-1} \times 2^{n-1}\)。首先,通过对图像的颜色和位置进行运算,对水印图像进行加扰处理。通过这种同时对颜色和位置进行加扰的方法,可以更好地保护水印图像的隐私。其次,利用 LSB 算法将加扰后的水印图像嵌入载波图像的空间域。此外,还通过量子傅里叶变换和 LSB 算法将加扰水印图像嵌入载波图像的频域,从而提高了抵御非法攻击的能力。最后,通过仿真实验和对比分析,证明了所提方案令人满意的视觉质量和对椒盐噪声的强大鲁棒性。这些积极的发现有助于丰富现有的彩色量子图像水印理论。
A two-domain quantum color image watermarking scheme based on LSB algorithm
There are various challenges facing quantum watermarking, of which the most significant one is that unlike classical watermarking, there remain few achievements made to build a complete system. Allowing for this, a two-domain quantum color image watermarking scheme based on least significant bit (LSB) algorithm is proposed in this paper. For the purpose of image representation, the image of the carrier and that of the watermark are represented through the novel quantum representation of color digital images (NCQI) (Sang et al. in Quantum Inf Process 16:1–14, 2017), the size of which is \(2^{n} \times 2^{n}\) and \(2^{n-1} \times 2^{n-1}\), respectively. Firstly, the watermark image is scrambled by conducting operation on the color and position of the image. Through this simultaneous scrambling of color and position, the privacy of watermark images is better protected. Secondly, the scrambled watermark image is embedded into the spatial domain of the carrier image using the LSB algorithm. Additionally, the scrambled watermark image is embedded into the frequency domain of the carrier image through quantum Fourier transform and LSB algorithm, thus improving the capability to withstand illegal attacks. Lastly, both simulation experiment and comparative analysis are conducted to demonstrate the satisfactory visual quality of the proposed scheme and its strong robustness to the salt and pepper noises. These positive findings contributed to enriching the existing theory of color quantum image watermarking.
期刊介绍:
Quantum Information Processing is a high-impact, international journal publishing cutting-edge experimental and theoretical research in all areas of Quantum Information Science. Topics of interest include quantum cryptography and communications, entanglement and discord, quantum algorithms, quantum error correction and fault tolerance, quantum computer science, quantum imaging and sensing, and experimental platforms for quantum information. Quantum Information Processing supports and inspires research by providing a comprehensive peer review process, and broadcasting high quality results in a range of formats. These include original papers, letters, broadly focused perspectives, comprehensive review articles, book reviews, and special topical issues. The journal is particularly interested in papers detailing and demonstrating quantum information protocols for cryptography, communications, computation, and sensing.