Effects of androgenic modulation on the morphophysiology of the adrenal cortex of male gerbils

The study aimed to investigate the repercussions of androgen modulation on the adrenal cortex of male gerbils, focusing on the morphophysiology, proliferation, and cell death, as well as the expression of hormone receptors and steroidogenic enzymes. Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were divided into three experimental groups: Control (C), Testosterone (T), animals received injections of testosterone cypionate and Castrated (Ct), animals underwent orchiectomy. The results showed that castration increased the zona fasciculata and promoted cell hypertrophy in all zones. Testosterone supplementation increased cell proliferation and cell death. Androgen modulation promoted an increase in AR, Erα, and ERβ. Castration promoted an increase in the CYP19, while decreasing 17βHSD enzymes. Testosterone supplementation, on the other hand, reduced CYP17 and increased CYP19 and 3βHSD enzymes. By analyzing the effects of androgen supplementation and deprivation, it can be concluded that testosterone is responsible for tissue remodeling in the cortex, regulating the rate of cell proliferation and death, as well as cell hypertrophy. Testosterone also modulate steroid hormone receptors and steroidogenic enzymes, consequently affecting the regulation, hormone synthesis and homeostasis of this endocrine gland.