Comparative Analysis of P-selectin Levels in Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Nonskin Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: The role and function of P-selectin levels in various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases have been established. Whether they have an association with inflammatory skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis needs to be established.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess P-selectin levels in psoriasis and vitiligo and to compare them with matched controls without skin disease.

Materials and methods: The study included a total of 90 subjects with age- and sex-matched - 30 each in psoriasis, vitiligo and 30 controls without skin disease. Psoriasis and vitiligo severity was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index scores. P-selectin levels were assessed and compared among the groups. P-selectin levels were also compared with the severity of psoriasis and vitiligo. Chi-square and analysis of variance tests were used to compare the data.

Results: The mean age of subjects was 36.28 ± 11.80 years. Majority of the subjects were males (65.6%). The three groups were matched for age, sex, and other demographics. The mean P-selectin levels were 610.43 ± 134.19, 292.52 ± 60.99, and 158.97 ± 34.76 ng/ml, respectively, in the psoriasis, vitiligo, and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). No significant association of P-selectin levels was observed with psoriasis severity; however, with increasing vitiligo severity, there was a significant increase in P-selectin levels (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Patients with skin diseases have raised P-selectin levels. Within skin diseases, inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis have higher P-selectin levels as compared to autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo. A significant association of P-selectin levels was observed with vitiligo severity but not with psoriasis severity.