{"title":"在区域供热中使用热泵的资金障碍","authors":"V. Derii, O. Teslenko, I. Sokolovska","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2024.03.004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The use of powerful industrial heat pumps (HP) is a fairly effective means of rational and environmentally friendly use of energy resources both in individual households and in district heating (DH), as well as in production processes in various industries. Powerful HPs are used in Ukraine much less than in developed European countries. In fact, these are isolated cases. The post-war reconstruction of destroyed cities with their district heating systems gives Ukraine a unique chance to use modern energy-efficient technologies, including HP. As a result, efficiency will improve and DH competitiveness will increase due to the low cost of thermal energy for consumers. Almost all developed countries of the world have government financial support for the HP implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine the level and form of government financial support for projects to implement HP in DHs of Ukraine. Financial modeling of the implementation of heat pump plants shown that they are more expediently to be used in the mode of generating thermal energy than in the mode of regulating the electric load of power systems. It is shown that the projects of heat pump plants, which use the heat of flue gases as a source of low-potential heat (LPH), are the most economically attractive and practically do not require government financial support. Projects of heat pump plants, which use air, ventilation emissions, waste water, soil and groundwater, sea, rivers, and waste heat of technological processes as LPH, are not financially attractive without government financial support, and some of them are even unprofitable. The most appropriate comprehensive financial support is tax incentives and interest compensation on the loan. Sensitivity analysis showed that projects for the implementation of heat pump plants may be the most sensitive to the amount of generated thermal energy, the price of natural gas and electricity. Keywords: heat pumps, low-potential heat sources, district heating, financial obstacles, tax incentives, grants.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Financial obstacles to the implementation of heat pumps in district heating\",\"authors\":\"V. Derii, O. Teslenko, I. 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The purpose of this study is to determine the level and form of government financial support for projects to implement HP in DHs of Ukraine. Financial modeling of the implementation of heat pump plants shown that they are more expediently to be used in the mode of generating thermal energy than in the mode of regulating the electric load of power systems. It is shown that the projects of heat pump plants, which use the heat of flue gases as a source of low-potential heat (LPH), are the most economically attractive and practically do not require government financial support. Projects of heat pump plants, which use air, ventilation emissions, waste water, soil and groundwater, sea, rivers, and waste heat of technological processes as LPH, are not financially attractive without government financial support, and some of them are even unprofitable. The most appropriate comprehensive financial support is tax incentives and interest compensation on the loan. Sensitivity analysis showed that projects for the implementation of heat pump plants may be the most sensitive to the amount of generated thermal energy, the price of natural gas and electricity. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
无论是在个人家庭、区域供热(DH)中,还是在各行业的生产过程中,使用大功率工业热泵(HP)都是合理利用能源、保护环境的有效手段。与欧洲发达国家相比,乌克兰对大功率热水器的使用要少得多。事实上,这只是个别情况。战后对被毁城市及其区域供热系统的重建,为乌克兰提供了使用现代节能技术(包括 HP)的独特机会。因此,由于消费者的热能成本较低,效率将得到提高,而 DH 的竞争力也将增强。世界上几乎所有发达国家都为实施 HP 提供政府财政支持。本研究的目的是确定政府对乌克兰住宅实施热泵项目的财政支持水平和形式。热泵设备实施的财务模型显示,热泵设备在热能生产模式下的应用比在电力系统电力负荷调节模式下的应用更为便捷。结果表明,利用烟气热量作为低电位热源(LPH)的热泵设备项目最具经济吸引力,实际上不需要政府的财政支持。利用空气、通风废气、废水、土壤和地下水、海洋、河流以及技术过程中的废热作为低电位热源的热泵厂项目,如果没有政府的财政支持,在经济上就没有吸引力,其中一些项目甚至无利可图。最合适的综合财政支持是税收优惠和贷款利息补偿。敏感性分析表明,实施热泵厂的项目可能对所产生的热能数量、天然气和电力价格最为敏感。关键词:热泵、低潜力热源、区域供热、财政障碍、税收优惠、补助金。
Financial obstacles to the implementation of heat pumps in district heating
The use of powerful industrial heat pumps (HP) is a fairly effective means of rational and environmentally friendly use of energy resources both in individual households and in district heating (DH), as well as in production processes in various industries. Powerful HPs are used in Ukraine much less than in developed European countries. In fact, these are isolated cases. The post-war reconstruction of destroyed cities with their district heating systems gives Ukraine a unique chance to use modern energy-efficient technologies, including HP. As a result, efficiency will improve and DH competitiveness will increase due to the low cost of thermal energy for consumers. Almost all developed countries of the world have government financial support for the HP implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine the level and form of government financial support for projects to implement HP in DHs of Ukraine. Financial modeling of the implementation of heat pump plants shown that they are more expediently to be used in the mode of generating thermal energy than in the mode of regulating the electric load of power systems. It is shown that the projects of heat pump plants, which use the heat of flue gases as a source of low-potential heat (LPH), are the most economically attractive and practically do not require government financial support. Projects of heat pump plants, which use air, ventilation emissions, waste water, soil and groundwater, sea, rivers, and waste heat of technological processes as LPH, are not financially attractive without government financial support, and some of them are even unprofitable. The most appropriate comprehensive financial support is tax incentives and interest compensation on the loan. Sensitivity analysis showed that projects for the implementation of heat pump plants may be the most sensitive to the amount of generated thermal energy, the price of natural gas and electricity. Keywords: heat pumps, low-potential heat sources, district heating, financial obstacles, tax incentives, grants.