Please Unstalk Me: Understanding Stalking with Bluetooth Trackers and Democratizing Anti-Stalking Protection

While designed to locate lost items, Bluetooth trackers are increasingly exploited for malign purposes, such as unwanted location tracking. This study probes deeper into this issue, focusing on the widespread use of these devices for stalking. Following a dual approach, we analyzed user data from a widely used tracking detection app (over 200,000 active installations) and conducted a comprehensive online survey (N=5,253). Our data analysis reveals a significant prevalence of trackers from major brands such as Apple, Tile, and Samsung. The user data also shows that the app sends about 1,400 alarms daily for unwanted tracking. Survey insights reveal that 44.28% of stalking victims had been subjected to location tracking, with cars emerging as the most common hideout for misused trackers, followed by backpacks and purses. These findings underscore the urgency for more robust solutions. Despite ongoing efforts by manufacturers and researchers, the misuse of Bluetooth trackers remains a significant concern. We advocate for developing more effective tracking detection mechanisms integrated into smartphones by default and creating supportive measures for individuals without smartphone access.