Center-like Subsets in Semiprime Rings with Multiplicative Derivations

We introduce center-like subsets Z∘*(A,d),Z∘**(A,d), where A is the ring and d is the multiplicative derivation. In the following, we take a new derivation for the center-like subsets existing in the literature and establish the relations between these sets. In addition to these new sets, the theorems are generalized as multiplicative derivations instead of the derivations found in previous studies. Additionally, different proofs are provided for different center-like sets. Finally, we enrich this article with examples demonstrating that the hypotheses we use are necessary.