实验性 I 型糖尿病患者大脑运动皮层的形态功能变化

A. V. Smirnov, I. Tyurenkov, A. I. Bisinbekova, D. A. Bakulin
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摘要

目的是研究实验性 1 型糖尿病(DM)大鼠运动皮层神经元的形态功能变化,以及用美法吟、氨基酮和琥珀酰卡对其进行药物矫正的情况。材料和方法对 12 月龄的白色杂种雌性实验鼠进行糖尿病模型试验。动物被分为 5 组:I 组--完整动物;II-1 组--用琥珀胆碱进行药物矫正;II-2 组--用阿米那龙进行矫正;II-3 组--用美法新进行矫正;III 组--未进行治疗的 DM 组。DM模型是在48小时不给食物的情况下,一次性腹腔注射溶于柠檬酸盐缓冲液(0.1 M,pH 4.5)(Sigma,美国)中的链脲佐菌素,剂量为60 mg/kg。模拟 DM 6 个月后开始治疗。使用 Prism 6 软件(GraphPad Software Inc.)结果对完整大鼠(第一组)的运动皮层进行组织学检查后发现,所有皮层的神经元都有高色素沉着。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组在第2、3、5层观察到明显的高色素沉着,核周面积减少了17.2%(P<0.001),核面积减少了26%(P<0.001),核-胞质比率(NCR)减少了18%(P<0.001)。与 I 组、II-2 组(阿米那龙)和 II-3 组(甲法金)相比,接受琥珀酸卡(II-1)治疗的动物神经退行性变化最不明显。与未接受治疗的组别(I-1)相比,II-1 组的核周面积增加了 26% (p<0.001),核仁面积增加了 39.7% (p<0.001),NCR 增加了 23% (p<0.001)。结论对研究组运动皮层内锥体层的形态计量学检查显示,未经治疗的糖尿病大鼠的病理形态学变化最明显,表现为受损神经元的含量呈上升趋势,核周和核仁的面积在统计学上显著减少。使用琥珀酸卡对神经有最明显的保护作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Morphofunctional changes in cerebral motor cortex in experimental type I diabetes mellitus
The aim was to study morphofunctional changes in neurons in the motor cortex of rats with experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its pharmacological correction with mefargine, aminolone and succicard. Material and methods. Modeling of diabetes mellitus was performed on white mongrel female laboratory rats at the age of 12 months. The animals were divided into 5 groups: I – group of intact animals; II-1 – group of pharmacological correction with succicard, II-2 – correction with aminalon, II-3 – correction with mefargine and III – group of DM without treatment. DM was modeled by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5) (Sigma, USA) at a dose of 60 mg/kg after 48 hours of food deprivation. Treatment was started 6 months after the DM simulation. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using descriptive and analytical statistics using Prism 6 software (GraphPad Software Inc., USA). Results. Histological examination of the motor cortex of intact rats (group I) revealed hyperchromic neurons in all the cortical layers. In group III, pronounced hyperchromatosis was observed in layers 2, 3, 5, in comparison with group I, a decrease in the area of pericaryons was revealed by 17.2% (p<0.001), the area of nuclei was less by 26% (p<0.001), there was a decrease in nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) by 18% (p<0.001). The animals treated with succicard (II-1) showed the least pronounced neurodegenerative changes in comparison with groups I, II-2 (aminalon) and II-3 (mefargine). In group II-1, there was an increase in the area of pericaryons by 26% (p<0.001), the area of nuclei by 39.7% (p<0.001), and the NCR by 23% (p<0.001) compared with the group without treatment (I-1). Conclusion. Morphometric examination of the inner pyramidal layer of the motor cortex of the studied groups revealed the most pronounced pathomorphological changes in diabetic rats without treatment, which were expressed in a tendency to increase the content of damaged neurons, in a statistically significant decrease in the area of pericaryons and nuclei. The most pronounced neuroprotective effect was observed with the use of succicard.  
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