奥陶纪晚期大灭绝危机期间伊佩图斯洋的氧化还原变化

Alejandra Sánchez-Roda, Paul B. Wignall, Yijun Xiong, S. Poulton
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摘要

晚奥陶纪大灭绝(LOME)的原因众说纷纭,冰川作用、火山作用和海洋氧化还原波动被认为是可能的驱动因素。在这里,我们对来自苏格兰多布林恩的深水伊佩图斯洋样本采用了多代理方法,以确定海洋氧化还原条件和化学风化强度的变化。我们记录了第一个卡蒂亚纪末期大灭绝脉冲期间缺氧铁锈色和缺氧条件之间的重大氧化还原波动,而希尔南蒂斯纪末期大灭绝阶段则出现了更持久的缺氧。这两个阶段被缺氧条件和希尔南蒂冰川期化学风化作用的短期大幅下降所分隔,这表明虽然全球变冷可能对某些生物群造成了压力,但不可能是造成生物灭绝危机的原因。希南晚期的缺氧现象一直持续到志留纪,大范围的缺氧导致全球对氧化还原敏感的痕量金属减少。最近的研究发现,在LOME之前出现了一个中喀梯世的生物危机和恢复期,但其确切的地层位置尚未确定。多布林的中喀斯特记录显示了一个重大的氧化还原变化,从缺氧到缺氧-铁锈色的深海水域在此时让位于高氧条件。然而,中喀斯特生物危机与这些氧化还原变化之间的联系仍不清楚。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Redox changes in the Iapetus Ocean during the Late Ordovician extinction crises
The cause of the Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME) is widely debated, with glaciation, volcanism and oceanic redox fluctuations being proposed as possible drivers. Here, we apply a multi-proxy approach to deep water Iapetus Ocean samples from Dob's Linn, Scotland, to determine oceanic redox conditions and changes in chemical weathering intensity. We document major redox fluctuations between anoxic ferruginous and oxic conditions during the first, end-Katian extinction pulse, while the end-Hirnantian extinction phase witnessed more persistent anoxia. These two episodes were separated by oxic conditions and a major, short-lived decline in chemical weathering during the Hirnantian glaciation, suggesting that while global cooling may have placed stress on certain biota, it was unlikely the cause of the extinction crisis. Late Hirnantian anoxia persisted into the Silurian, with widespread euxinia resulting in global drawdown of redox-sensitive trace metals. Recent studies have identified a mid-Katian biotic crisis and recovery prior to the LOME, although the precise stratigraphic position is not yet defined. The mid-Katian record at Dob's Linn shows a major redox change, with dysoxic to anoxic-ferruginous deep ocean waters giving way to well-oxygenated conditions at this time. However, links between the mid-Katian biotic crisis and these redox changes remain unclear.
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