埃及多个柑橘栽培品种多个季节的产量和热量单位需求

M. Abdel-Sattar, Rashid S. Al-Obeed, Abdulwahed M. Aboukarima
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摘要

柑橘栽培品种从开花到采收的不同时期,对生长发育和产量的温度需求各不相同,因此气候是影响柑橘产量和质量的众多因素之一。本研究调查了埃及 2010/2011 年至 2021/2022 年几个季节中几个商业柑橘品种的产量和热量单位需求。此次调查记录了开花时间和果实采收时间。不过,从开花到果实采收所需的热量单位是根据每天的气温记录计算得出的,同时考虑到所有低于零(负值)的结果均不使用,所有高于 35.0 ℃(≥35.1)的最高气温均改为 35.0 ℃。此外,在确定所需热量单位时还使用了 13.0 ℃ 的基准气温。结果表明,在实验区,实验期间最低气温、最高气温、空气相对湿度和降水量的总体平均值分别为 15.2 ℃、28.70 ℃、59.3%和 0.3 毫米/天。此外,弗里蒙特柑从开花到果实采收所需的天数最少,为 290.0 天。此外,从开花到果实采收所需的最高天数分别为 482 天和 440 天。我们的研究突显了所调查柑橘栽培品种的显著多样性,尤其是高产的特定栽培品种。在研究的各个季节中,产量最高的栽培品种是巴伦西亚橙,为每棵树 147.6 公斤。此外,华盛顿脐橙、瓦伦西亚橙、默科特柑、弗里蒙特柑和贝尔斯无籽酸橙所需热量单位的平均值分别为 3112.7、3628.3、3221.9、3027.6 和 4398.4 ℃/天。这是第一份关于埃及种植的几种柑橘栽培品种热量单位测定的报告,我们希望这项研究能为埃及柑橘栽培品种的积极发展提供新的认识,并发现新的栽培地点。这项研究还将为柑橘作物模型的开发提供基础信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Yield and Heat Unit Requirements for Several Citrus Cultivars over Several Seasons in Egypt
Citrus cultivars have various temperature needs for development and output at different times from flowering to harvesting, making climate one of the numerous factors that affect citrus’ productivity and quality. In this study, the yield and heat unit requirements for several commercial citrus species over several seasons from 2010/2011 to 2021/2022 in Egypt were investigated. For this investigation, the time of flowering and the time of fruit harvesting were recorded. However, the required heat units from flowering to fruit harvesting were calculated based on daily records of air temperature, taking into account that all results below zero (negative results) are not used and all maximum air temperatures above 35.0 °C (≥35.1) are changed to 35.0 °C. In addition, the base air temperature of 13.0 °C was utilized for determining the required heat units. The results showed that in the experimental area, the overall mean of minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature, air relative humidity, and precipitation during the experimental periods had values of 15.2 °C, 28.70 °C, 59.3%, and 0.3 mm/day, respectively. Moreover, the lowest number of days required from flowering to fruit harvesting was observed to be 290.0 days for Fremont mandarin. Furthermore, the highest number of days required from flowering to fruit harvesting was observed to be 482 and 440 days, respectively, for Bearss Seedless lime and Valencia orange. Our study has highlighted a notable diversity among the investigated citrus cultivars, particularly highlighting specific cultivars that possess high yield. The cultivar that shows the greatest yield over the investigated seasons of the study was Valencia orange with 147.6 kg/tree. Moreover, the average values of the heat unit requirements for Washington Navel orange, Valencia orange, Murcott mandarin, Fremont mandarin, and Bearss Seedless lime were 3112.7, 3628.3, 3221.9, 3027.6, and 4398.4 °C day, respectively. This is the first report regarding the heat unit’s determination for several citrus cultivars grown in Egypt, and we expect this research will provide a new awareness in accepting and discovering novel locations where citrus cultivars can be positively developed in Egypt. It will also prove to be a source of basic information for the development of the citrus crop model.
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