"我们对自己身体的权利已经结束":COVID-19疫苗反对者在以色列社交媒体上的辩解

L. Inchi, Amit Rottman, Chen Zarecki
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摘要

疫苗可降低发病率和死亡率。然而,疫苗的益处取决于公众的反应。在 COVID-19 期间,疫苗犹豫和拒绝接种现象十分普遍,威胁着公众健康。要解决社交媒体上不可靠信息的传播问题,防止疫苗犹豫不决发展为拒绝接种疫苗,就必须全面了解反对者的论点。对反对者观点及其理由的关注使本研究具有独特性。因此,我们对三个与健康相关的以色列 Facebook 页面上的读者评论进行了文本内容分析。数据收集涵盖了 2020 年 10 月至 2022 年 5 月的以色列 COVID-19 疫苗接种期。我们根据健康信念模型(HBM)对这些评论进行了分析。我们发现,疫苗反对者的特点是:对疾病严重性的认知较低,而对疫苗损害的认知较高;对接种疫苗的益处认知较低;疫苗犹豫和恐惧以及公众的不信任是改变的障碍;呼吁采取行动抵制疫苗并在网络上传播相关的反建制观点。研究发现,犹豫不决会发展成公众对国家制度的不信任,并升级为阴谋论和反疫苗行动主义。这些结果具有重要的启示意义,即有必要及早发现,以防止未来出现疫苗抵制现象。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
“The Right to Our Own Body Is Over”: Justifications of COVID-19 Vaccine Opponents on Israeli Social Media
Vaccines decrease morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, their benefits depend on public response. During COVID-19, vaccine hesitancy and refusal were rampant, threatening public health. A thorough understanding of opponents’ arguments is required to address the diffusion of unreliable information on social media and prevent vaccine hesitancy from developing into vaccine refusal. The focus on the opponents’ viewpoints and their justifications makes the study unique. Accordingly, textual content analysis of reader comments on three health-related Israeli Facebook pages was conducted. Data collection encompassed the Israeli COVID-19 vaccination period from October 2020 to May 2022. The comments were analyzed according to the health beliefs model (HBM). We found that vaccine opponents were characterized by low perceptions of the severity of the disease combined with high perceptions of the damages of the vaccine; low perceived benefits of vaccine compliance; vaccine hesitancy and fear along with public distrust as barriers to change; and call for action to resist the vaccine and spread related anti-establishment views on the web. Hesitancy was found to develop into public distrust in the state systems and escalate into conspiracy beliefs and anti-vaccination activism. These results are important and instructive that early detection is necessary to prevent future vaccine resistance.
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