The role of estrogens in mitochondrial metabolism

 Central organelles in cells are mitochondria, which are essential for many fundamental biological processes. In the course of evolution, mitochondria have been transformed into signaling centers in biological systems that can cause changes in the cell via secreted factors and affect physiology of humans and animals. Along with performing many key functions for the cell, mitochondria have also evolved into active hubs that can both control cellular programs through interaction with other compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, and affect tissues, determining the health of the body via mechanisms that we are only beginning to understand.