废弃物生成的碳黑:全面回顾

Waste Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI:10.3390/waste2030013
S. M. Santos, M. Gonçalves, Paulo Brito, C. Nobre
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近几十年来,城市固体废弃物 (MSW)、建筑和拆迁废弃物 (CDW) 以及工业固体废弃物 (ISW) 等异质固体废弃物的产生量急剧增加,其管理也成为当今人们最关心的问题之一。将废物作为一种资源来生产炭等增值材料,是成功和可持续废物管理的最有前途的战略之一。通过各种热化学技术,包括高温分解、热解、水热碳化和气化技术,几乎所有类型的废物都能产生具有潜在材料和能源用途的炭。热解是最普遍的技术,利用这种技术生产和应用废物衍生炭的研究较多。垃圾衍生炭的特性似乎受到转化技术和条件以及源垃圾成分的影响。文献检索表明,废物衍生炭的特性随原料成分的不同而变化很大,含碳量在 8-77% 之间,热值较高,为 2.5-28.4 MJ/kg,比表面积为 0.7-12 m2/g。根据从废弃物中提取的炭的特性,其应用存在或大或小的困难,其中灰分含量、重金属和多环芳烃(PAH)浓度是限制其应用的一些特性。因此,本综述试图梳理废物衍生炭生产的相关知识,重点关注异质固体废物、应用技术以及在现实世界中的实际应用路线,以创建废物衍生炭的供应链、营销和使用。本研究还强调了废物衍生炭的一些挑战和前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Waste-Derived Chars: A Comprehensive Review
The production of heterogeneous solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), construction and demolition waste (CDW), and industrial solid waste (ISW), has increased dramatically in recent decades, and its management is one of today’s biggest concerns. Using waste as a resource to produce value-added materials such as char is one of the most promising strategies for successful and sustainable waste management. Virtually any type of waste, through various thermochemical technologies, including torrefaction, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and gasification, can produce char with potential material and energy applications. Pyrolysis is the most widespread technology, and there are more studies on producing and applying waste-derived char using this technology. The properties of waste-derived char seem to be influenced by the conversion technology and conditions, as well as by the composition of the source waste. A literature search indicated that the properties of waste-derived char are highly variable with the composition of the raw material, with carbon content in the range 8–77%, a higher heating value of 2.5–28.4 MJ/kg and a specific surface area of 0.7–12 m2/g. Depending on the properties of char derived from waste, there are greater or minor difficulties in applying it, with ash content, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations being some of its limiting properties. Therefore, this review attempts to compile relevant knowledge on the production of waste-derived char, focusing on heterogeneous solid waste, applied technologies, and practical application routes in the real world to create a supply chain, marketing, and use of waste-derived char. Some challenges and prospects for waste-derived char are also highlighted in this study.
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