地中海西西里海岸线搁浅的花纹海豚(Stenella coeruleoalba)和普通海豚(Delphinus delphis)体内的金属含量

Animals Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI:10.3390/ani14142063
Clara Naccari, Vincenzo Ferrantelli, G. Cammilleri, F. Galluzzo, Andrea Macaluso, Pietro Riolo, Gianluigi Maria Lo Dico, Roberto Bava, E. Palma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

海豚是水生食物链中的顶级捕食者,对环境变化非常敏感,能够积累大量污染物,因此被用作海洋污染的哨兵物种。欧盟的一些指令提倡将海洋哺乳动物作为生物指标进行研究,以评估水生环境中是否存在污染物,例如地中海,由于其地理和地貌特征,该海域富含环境污染物。本研究的目的是通过 ICP-MS 分析,评估搁浅在地中海西西里海岸线的条纹海豚(Stenella coeruleoalba)和普通海豚(Delphinus delphis)的器官/组织(肝脏、肌肉、肺、肾脏和皮肤)中有毒和必需金属及类金属(汞、铅、镉、砷、硒和锌)的含量。研究结果证实,海豚接触了有毒金属和类金属,其中皮肤和肝脏中的汞含量最高,尽管在两种海豚的所有样本中都发现了较低的金属污染指数(MPI)。根据性别和发育状态对痕量金属和类金属进行的比较分析发现,雌性海豚与雄性海豚、成年海豚与幼年海豚的镉和砷含量最高,但这两种海豚的铅含量除外。汞的最高含量与必需金属元素硒和锌的最高含量相关,以摩尔比表示,以评估这些解毒元素对汞毒性的潜在协同作用。这项研究证实了 Stenella coeruleoalba 和 Delphinus delphis 是地中海的有效哨点物种,可用于验证该水域环境中的金属污染趋势,进而影响这些海洋物种的健康。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Metal Levels in Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis) Stranded along the Sicilian Coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea
Dolphins, top predators of the aquatic food chain, are used as sentinel species of marine pollution as they are sensitive to environmental changes and able to accumulate a large content of contaminants. Several EU directives promote study of marine mammalians as bio-indicators to evaluate the presence of contaminants in the aquatic environment, such as the Mediterranean Sea, which is rich in environmental pollutants due to its geographic and geo-morphological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of toxic and essential metals and metalloids (Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Se and Zn), through ICP-MS analysis, in organs/tissues (liver, muscle, lung, kidney and skin) of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the Sicilian coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea. The results confirm the exposure of dolphins to toxic metals and metalloids, with the highest Hg levels observed in skin and liver, although a low Metal Pollution Index (MPI) was found in all samples of both dolphin species. From a comparative analysis of trace metals and metalloids according to sex and state of development, the highest levels of Cd and As were found in females vs. males and adults vs. juveniles, except for Pb in both species, and significant differences were observed between the two species, size of specimens, and organs/tissues analyzed. The highest Hg levels were correlated to those of essential metals Se and Zn, expressed as molar ratios, to evaluate the potential synergic effect of these detoxifying elements against Hg toxicity. This study confirms the rule of Stenella coeruleoalba and Delphinus delphis as valid sentinel species of the Mediterranean Sea, to verify the trend of metals pollution in this aquatic environment and, consequently, the health of these marine species.
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