Clinical profile and associations of binocular vision dysfunction at a vision therapy clinic of a tertiary eye institute in India

Review the incidence of binocular dysfunctions, clinical features, their association with binocular vision disorders and refractive status at a vision therapy clinic of a tertiary eye institute in India. In this retrospective study, the clinical record of all the patients of binocular dysfunction was obtain from Electronic medical record (EMR). We reviewed the record of 527 symptomatic patients with binocular vision dysfunction related problems who were referred between July 2022 to June 2023, to binocular vision therapy clinic. Out of which 393 patients (74.57%) who had accommodative dysfunction were included in the study. Patients with any ocular surgery, manifest strabismus, amblyopia, anisometropia (more than 2.00 dioptres), ocular pathology, neurological disorders, were not included in the review. Prepresbyopic patient also excluded from this study. All clinical assessments were done by one of the two experienced optometrists. Of the 527 symptomatic patients examined, 74% (393 subjects) showed binocular dysfunction. Among the 393 binocular dysfunction patients, most of them diagnose with convergence insufficiency (18.82%), convergence insufficiency with accommodative insufficiency (26.97%), convergence insufficiency with accommodative infacility (23.40%), convergence insufficiency with accommodative excess (19.24%), poor PFV (4.58%), and convergence excess (6.36%).: In conclusion, we have evaluated the binocular vision dysfunctions of a non-presbyobic population. Out of 527 symptomatic patients examined, 74% (393 patients) showed had binocular dysfunctions. Incident CI was more than CE. This study will provide the prevalence data of binocular vision dysfunction. The study will also provide insight into the differences in binocular vision parameters. A diagnosis of binocular dysfunction depends not only on a few clinical findings of some accommodative and binocular investigations but on a whole battery of tests, in order to produce diagnosis of the type of dysfunction of the patient. For this reason optometrists should systematically complement their routine examination with a whole battery of accommodative and binocular tests that would help to avoid the non-detection of these anomalies in daily optometric practice.