Two-dimensional nanomaterials for flame-retardant polymer composites: a mini review

The inherent flammability of polymer materials is an issue that cannot be ignored and limits their further application in industry. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to the development of flame-retardant polymers. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have received abundant attention in the field of flame-retardant polymers recently because of their unique layered structure and versatility. 2D nanomaterials with unique layered structures, when well dispersed in polymers, not only enhance the thermal stability of polymers significantly, but also further strengthen the role of the char layer in suppressing heat and mass transfer. This review focuses on the properties of the flame-retardant polymer nanocomposites based on the most common 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, MXene and black phosphorus, as well as their flame-retardant efficiency. Moreover, we also provide the design approaches for the future development of the flame-retardant polymer nanocomposites.