进化与不可逆转:两种不同的现象及其不同的自然规律

IF 13.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了厘清自然界变化的时间方向(时间箭头)的位置,本文说明了为什么进化和不可逆是两种不同的现象。它们不同的自然规律分别是构造定律和第二定律。演示基于可以想象到的最简单的环境:一个在水池中运动的固体物体。观点是整体性的:选择分析的系统是身体和水池,而不仅仅是身体,现象是整体形象(构型)的演变。新也是对 "在这个不断演变的流动构型中流动的是什么 "这一问题的回答。在这一过程中,重要的术语得到了定义:现象、规律、不可逆、自然、设计、自由、理论与经验主义、信息、知识、选择、目的、发动机、制冷和轮子。文章的第二部分展示了更复杂的自然环境:发动机、制冷、加热和冷却、轮子以及在水面上滑动的推船。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evolution and irreversibility: Two distinct phenomena and their distinct laws of nature

To clarify the place of time direction of change in nature (time arrow), the present article shows why Evolution and Irreversibility are two distinct phenomena. Their distinct laws of nature are the Constructal Law and the Second Law, respectively. The demonstration is based on the simplest setting imaginable: a solid body moving in a pool of water. The view is holistic: the system selected for analysis is the body and the pool, not the body alone, and the phenomenon is the evolution of the image (configuration) of the whole. New is also the answer to the question of what flows in this evolving flow configuration. Along the way, important terms are defined: phenomenon, law, irreversibility, nature, design, freedom, theory versus empiricism, information, knowledge, selection, purpose, engine, refrigeration, and wheel. More complex natural settings for the demonstration are in the second part of the article: engines, refrigeration, heating and cooling, the wheel, and a pushed boat sliding on water.

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来源期刊
Physics of Life Reviews
Physics of Life Reviews 生物-生物物理
CiteScore
20.30
自引率
14.50%
发文量
52
审稿时长
8 days
期刊介绍: Physics of Life Reviews, published quarterly, is an international journal dedicated to review articles on the physics of living systems, complex phenomena in biological systems, and related fields including artificial life, robotics, mathematical bio-semiotics, and artificial intelligent systems. Serving as a unifying force across disciplines, the journal explores living systems comprehensively—from molecules to populations, genetics to mind, and artificial systems modeling these phenomena. Inviting reviews from actively engaged researchers, the journal seeks broad, critical, and accessible contributions that address recent progress and sometimes controversial accounts in the field.
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