Thales Eduardo Galdino Andrade, Maurício Scavassini Peña, Jéssica Fiorotti, Renan de Souza Bin, Alexandre Rodrigues Caetano, Timothy Connelley, Isabel Kinney Ferreira de Miranda Santos
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引用次数: 0
摘要
牛主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)又称牛白细胞抗原(BoLA)复合物,是编码抗原递呈最重要分子的基因组区域,可启动免疫反应。牛体内 MHC 的第一个证据是一个含有两种抗原的基因座,一种通过细胞毒抗血清检测(MHC I 类),另一种通过混合淋巴细胞培养试验研究(MHC II 类)。BoLA 区域中研究最多的基因是高度多态性的 BoLA-DRB3,它编码一个带有肽沟结构域的 β 链,该结构域参与 T 细胞的抗原递呈,T 细胞将产生并共同刺激细胞和体液效应反应。BoLA-DRB3 等位基因与传染性疾病(如乳腺炎、锥虫病和蜱载量)的结果以及生产性状有关。为了对这些等位基因进行编目,人们提出了两种命名方法,而目前这两种方法的使用使得人们很难有效地列出、理解和应用这些数据。在本综述中,我们对所有关于 BoLA-DRB3 等位基因频率的报告中的知识进行了整理。它涵盖了至少 26 个国家对 30 多个品种所做研究的信息;但缺乏对重要牛畜生产国的研究。我们重点介绍了 BoLA 研究在以下方面的实际应用:鉴定与抗传染病和寄生虫病、提高生产性能和 T 细胞表位图谱有关的标记,以及商业品种、克里奥尔品种和当地适应品种的遗传多样性和保护研究。最后,我们支持有必要开展研究以发现新的 BoLA 等位基因,并揭示该基因座在生产性状中的未知作用。
The DRB3 gene of the bovine major histocompatibility complex: discovery, diversity and distribution of alleles in commercial breeds of cattle and applications for development of vaccines.
The bovine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), also known as the Bovine Leucocyte Antigen (BoLA) complex, is the genomic region that encodes the most important molecules for antigen presentation to initiate immune responses. The first evidence of MHC in bovines pointed to a locus containing 2 antigens, one detected by cytotoxic antiserum (MHC class I) and another studied by mixed lymphocyte culture tests (MHC class II). The most studied gene in the BoLA region is the highly polymorphic BoLA-DRB3, which encodes a β chain with a peptide groove domain involved in antigen presentation for T cells that will develop and co-stimulate cellular and humoral effector responses. BoLA-DRB3 alleles have been associated with outcomes in infectious diseases such as mastitis, trypanosomiasis, and tick loads, and with production traits. To catalog these alleles, 2 nomenclature methods were proposed, and the current use of both systems makes it difficult to list, comprehend and apply these data effectively. In this review we have organized the knowledge available in all of the reports on the frequencies of BoLA-DRB3 alleles. It covers information from studies made in at least 26 countries on more than 30 breeds; studies are lacking in countries that are important producers of cattle livestock. We highlight practical applications of BoLA studies for identification of markers associated with resistance to infectious and parasitic diseases, increased production traits and T cell epitope mapping, in addition to genetic diversity and conservation studies of commercial and creole and locally adapted breeds. Finally, we provide support for the need of studies to discover new BoLA alleles and uncover unknown roles of this locus in production traits.
期刊介绍:
The official journal of the American Dairy Science Association®, Journal of Dairy Science® (JDS) is the leading peer-reviewed general dairy research journal in the world. JDS readers represent education, industry, and government agencies in more than 70 countries with interests in biochemistry, breeding, economics, engineering, environment, food science, genetics, microbiology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, processing, public health, quality assurance, and sanitation.