Does the market area of Park-and-Ride change? Employing a travel time approach to explore variation in the market area

Park-and-Ride (P&R) facility is crucial in urban transit access and delineation of market area assists in determining its service extent. It is defined with a standardized shape but may be influenced by travel time and mode. This study examines the distinction in the market area for cars and 2-wheelers at different times on weekdays and weekends. Results show a parabolic shape, influenced by travel time, mode, and day of the week in different extents. The market area of the 2-wheelers is smaller than cars, further reduced on weekends. The proposed approach aids planners and operators in accurately defining P&R market areas.