Interval many-objective dynamic charging planning in wireless rechargeable sensor networks

Charging path planning in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) refers to designing an efficient charging path for sensor nodes in the network. However, most charging schemes mainly consider the planning of charging paths and pay little attention to the impact of uncertainties, such as road conditions and environment on the planning of charging paths, as well as ignoring the charging problem of new nodes in need of charging. Road conditions and the environment directly affect the energy consumption of wireless charging vehicles (WCVs) during traveling. To address the aforementioned challenges, this article proposes an interval many-objective charging path scheme model, the WCV consumption is an uncertain value, it will change according to the environment, and road conditions, so we represent it as an interval parameter with upper and lower bounds. An interval high-dimensional multi-objective model with target energy consumption, path distance, number of dead nodes, and communication delay is constructed. Second, to implement this model, an interval SPEA2 algorithm (I-SPEA2) that introduces an environmental response mechanism is proposed. I-SPEA2 treats individual target interval values as ranges of values on a two-dimensional coordinate axis, forming a quadrilateral, calculates individual size probabilities based on the area to determine the dominant relationship, and combines fixed distance and interval overlap to eliminate redundant individuals. The simulation results show that the interval dynamic model is effective in prolonging the lifecycle of WSN as well as the proposed algorithm reduces the mortality rate of the nodes by 15%, 28%, 13%, 16%, and 21% compared with other algorithms.