Artificial Intelligence and Its Application in Numerical Weather Prediction

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is one of the most popular, frequently discussed, and, meanwhile, ambiguous and controversial metaphorical concepts, which defines a scientific direction in computer science that studies the techniques for gaining knowledge, their computer representation, transformation, and application. Presently, it is intensively penetrating into many areas of human activities, including hydrometeorological ones. The concept of artificial intelligence, the history of its origin, and its methods and technologies are considered. The author analyzes the studies related to the use of artificial intelligence in short- and medium-range weather forecasting, including the collection and quality control of meteorological information, assimilation of data in order to generate initial conditions for numerical weather prediction models, development of forecast models and parameterization schemes for physical processes, postprocessing and physical-statistical interpretation of the output data of numerical weather prediction models.