中国青海湖扇形三角洲地貌和结构演变的控制因素

IF 1.8 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Di Ma, Xinghe Yu, Shunli Li, Zhijie Zhang, Chao Fu, Hongwei Sun, Chun Liu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

三角洲沉积体系是大陆断陷湖相盆地中最有利的碳氢化合物储层,其类型和控制因素直接影响碳氢化合物的分布。对典型的现代三角洲沉积进行系统研究,可为地下油气藏的分布提供重要指导。因此,本研究选择了具有多沉积源和清晰沉积演化阶段特征的青海湖黑马河三角洲作为研究对象。研究人员对青海湖黑马河三角洲的沉积学和建筑学特征进行了详细研究。共确定了 4 种砾石层、4 种砂层和 2 种泥层。本研究还重点识别了河道和栅栏内的建筑元素。三角洲平原的特征是泥石流、转换和迁移河道以及垂直和双向加筋。三角洲前沿的特征是迁移和填充的河道,以及双边和横向的加筋。选取了 22 个具有代表性的露头断面。通过对这些剖面的详细观察和分析,发现了三个阶段:从增生到增生(PA)阶段,沉积物呈现出阶梯型和粗粒沉积;逆增生(R)阶段,特征是褶皱式回归;增生到增生和退化(APD)阶段,特征是阶梯式递增堆积模式。根据对沉积环境、露头岩相组合、建筑堆积模式、化石和生物碎屑岩的综合分析,我们确定了多种沉积组合,并构建了该地区沉积系统的沉积演化模型。我们认为,沉积系统从早期的单源富含砾石的扇形三角洲过渡到多源富含泥质的三角洲,而控制这一过渡的主要因素有两个:南边界断层活动和湖泊水位变化。同时代的断层活动增加了低台地系统区的容纳性,从而导致了粗沉积物的持续沉积。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Controls on the facies and architecture evolution of a fan delta in Qinghai Lake, China

Deltaic sedimentary systems form the most favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs in continental faulted lacustrine basins, and their types and controlling factors directly affect the distribution of hydrocarbons. The systematic study of typical modern delta deposition provides significant guidance regarding the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in the subsurface. For this reason, the Heima River delta in Qinghai Lake, which features multiple sediment sources and clear sedimentary evolution stages, was selected for this research. A detailed study of the sedimentology and architectural characteristics of the Heimahe delta in Qinghai Lake was conducted. A total of 4 types of gravel facies, 4 types of sand facies, and 2 types of mud facies were identified. This study also focuses on recognizing the architectural elements within channels and bars. The delta plain features debris-flow, switched, and migrated channels and vertical and bilateral aggradation bars. The delta front features migrated and filled channels and bilateral and lateral aggradation bars. Twenty-two representative outcrop sections were selected. Detailed observation and analysis of these sections revealed three stages: the progradation to aggradation (PA) stage, in which the deposits show evidence of sigmoid-type and coarse-grained sedimentation; the retrogradation (R) stage, which is characterized by imbricated regression; and the aggradation to progradation and degradation (APD) stage, which is characterized by a terraced-stepping, progression stacking pattern. Based on the integrated analysis of the sedimentary environment, outcrop lithofacies associations, architecture stacking patterns, fossils and bioclasts, we identified diverse depositional associations and constructed a sedimentary evolution model of the depositional system in this area. We suggest that the depositional system transitioned from an early single-provenance gravel-rich fan delta to a multi-provenance mud-rich delta and that two factors mainly controlled the transition: the southern boundary fault activity and lake level variations. The contemporaneous activity of the fault increased the accommodation in the low-stand systems tract, which resulted in continuous coarse-sediment deposition.

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来源期刊
Frontiers of Earth Science
Frontiers of Earth Science GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.00%
发文量
627
期刊介绍: Frontiers of Earth Science publishes original, peer-reviewed, theoretical and experimental frontier research papers as well as significant review articles of more general interest to earth scientists. The journal features articles dealing with observations, patterns, processes, and modeling of both innerspheres (including deep crust, mantle, and core) and outerspheres (including atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere) of the earth. Its aim is to promote communication and share knowledge among the international earth science communities
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