Toward measuring data literacy for higher education: Developing and validating a data literacy self-efficacy scale

Data literacy, a multifaceted competency in working with data, has emerged as an essential skill that holds significance in both personal and professional lives. Nonetheless, there is a lack of a precise definition of data literacy, and individuals' perceptions of their data literacy have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to develop and validate a scale designed for measuring self-efficacy in data literacy within the context of higher education. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine construct validity and reliability. The resulting data literacy self-efficacy scale comprises 31 items organized into three factors: data identification, data processing, and data management and sharing. These factors represent distinct yet interconnected dimensions, highlighting the multifaceted nature of data literacy.