Seulbi Kim, Ho Myeong Kim, Jung Eun Yang, Seul-Gi Jeong, Yeong Yeol Kim, In Min Hwang, Nan Hee Yu, Jin-Cheol Kim, Hae Woong Park
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In vitro assays showed that the fermentation filtrate of <i>B. velezensis</i> 8–2 inhibited bacterial and fungal growth with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.25–10% and 2.5–10%, respectively. UPLC-Q–Orbitrap–MS analysis revealed that <i>B. velezensis</i> 8–2 produced antagonistic compounds, including polyketides (difficidin and oxydifficidin) and cyclic lipopeptides (iturin A, fengycin, and surfatin). To enhance antimicrobial activity, fermentation parameters for optimal production of two antibacterial and three antifungal compounds were investigated in a 5 L jar fermenter. By regulating the agitation speed to sustain the state of vegetative cells, the production period was extended by 20 h at 400 rpm, resulting in maximum yields of 86.6 μg/mL for difficidin and 150.0 μg/mL for oxydifficidin within a 72 h fermentation period. In a field trial, a 500-fold diluted 10% suspension concentrate formulation of <i>B. velezensis</i> 8–2 effectively inhibited the development of SH disease, demonstrating 66.6% disease control and a 90.2% disease symptoms reduction.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This is the first report to assess the disease control efficacy of <i>B. velezensis</i> for the biocontrol of SH disease in the field. These results suggest that the application of <i>B. velezensis</i> 8–2 could serve as a practical alternative for managing various bacterial and fungal diseases, including the management of SH disease in flowering cherry trees.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00604-x","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Biological control of the shot-hole disease in flowering cherry tree using antimicrobial compounds produced by Bacillus velezensis 8–2\",\"authors\":\"Seulbi Kim, Ho Myeong Kim, Jung Eun Yang, Seul-Gi Jeong, Yeong Yeol Kim, In Min Hwang, Nan Hee Yu, Jin-Cheol Kim, Hae Woong Park\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40538-024-00604-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Effective control of shot-hole disease in flowering cherries is challenging because of multiple causative pathogens (bacteria and fungi). <i>Bacillus</i> species are well-known for their ability to control plant pathogens; therefore, biological control potential of a <i>Bacillus</i> isolate, <i>B. velezensis</i> 8–2, against SH disease on flowering cherry trees was investigated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study revealed strong antimicrobial activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> 8–2 against various plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, particularly focusing on <i>Xanthomonas arboricola</i> pv. <i>pruni</i> (Xap) and <i>Mycosphaerella cerasella</i> (Mc), which cause shot-hole (SH) disease in flowering cherry trees. 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Biological control of the shot-hole disease in flowering cherry tree using antimicrobial compounds produced by Bacillus velezensis 8–2
Background
Effective control of shot-hole disease in flowering cherries is challenging because of multiple causative pathogens (bacteria and fungi). Bacillus species are well-known for their ability to control plant pathogens; therefore, biological control potential of a Bacillus isolate, B. velezensis 8–2, against SH disease on flowering cherry trees was investigated.
Results
This study revealed strong antimicrobial activity of Bacillus velezensis 8–2 against various plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, particularly focusing on Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) and Mycosphaerella cerasella (Mc), which cause shot-hole (SH) disease in flowering cherry trees. In vitro assays showed that the fermentation filtrate of B. velezensis 8–2 inhibited bacterial and fungal growth with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.25–10% and 2.5–10%, respectively. UPLC-Q–Orbitrap–MS analysis revealed that B. velezensis 8–2 produced antagonistic compounds, including polyketides (difficidin and oxydifficidin) and cyclic lipopeptides (iturin A, fengycin, and surfatin). To enhance antimicrobial activity, fermentation parameters for optimal production of two antibacterial and three antifungal compounds were investigated in a 5 L jar fermenter. By regulating the agitation speed to sustain the state of vegetative cells, the production period was extended by 20 h at 400 rpm, resulting in maximum yields of 86.6 μg/mL for difficidin and 150.0 μg/mL for oxydifficidin within a 72 h fermentation period. In a field trial, a 500-fold diluted 10% suspension concentrate formulation of B. velezensis 8–2 effectively inhibited the development of SH disease, demonstrating 66.6% disease control and a 90.2% disease symptoms reduction.
Conclusions
This is the first report to assess the disease control efficacy of B. velezensis for the biocontrol of SH disease in the field. These results suggest that the application of B. velezensis 8–2 could serve as a practical alternative for managing various bacterial and fungal diseases, including the management of SH disease in flowering cherry trees.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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