Short-term responses of littoral phytoplankton in a large shallow subtropical lake.

The littoral zone is an essential compartment for lake biota because of its high productivity and diversity. Moreover, phytoplankton is expected to have non-equilibrium dynamics on it. The study's aimed to explore phytoplankton in the littoral zone of a shallow lake over a short-term scale. Daily sampling was conducted for 25 consecutive summer days in 2016, at two marginal points of a continuously warm, polymictic, and oligo-mesotrophic subtropical lake (Lake Mangueira, Brazil). Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta contributed 86% of total biomass. We observed high variability in phytoplankton structure, with species turnover over diel cycles. Redundancy analysis indicated spatial differentiation for phytoplankton structure in relation to abiotic conditions. Nutrient dynamics and humic substances were significant drivers for phytoplankton variability. Phytoplankton was positively correlated with SRP and negatively with humic substances. Our results showed a non- equilibrium state for the littoral phytoplankton of Lake Mangueira, given the high variability of abiotic conditions, even at short distances. Due to its high temporal and spatial variability, the littoralzone seems to contribute to the recruitment and maintenance of phytoplankton biodiversity in shallow lakes. Further studies should consider the functional attributes of species and the complex biological interactions of phytoplankton and macrophytes along the littoral zone.