Ambulatory care hematology/oncology pharmacy services: A comprehensive review by the Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly

Saudi Vision 2030 has driven significant changes in ambulatory care pharmacy services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), transitioning pharmaceutical care from inpatient to outpatient settings. With a growing need to address non-communicable diseases, particularly cancer, ambulatory care oncology pharmacy services are of paramount importance. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits and challenges of establishing such services in the KSA and offers recommendations for clinical pharmacists. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, encompassing research from inception to September 2023. The search focused on English language studies related to ambulatory care oncology/hematology pharmacy services. Among the 1351 studies found, those assessing the impact of clinical pharmacists on patient outcomes in outpatient oncology clinics were included. The review of the literature highlights the substantial impact of clinical pharmacists in outpatient hematology/oncology settings. A selection of several studies revealed their role in improving patient care, reducing health care costs, and enhancing treatment outcomes. Notable findings include a high acceptance rate of pharmacist interventions with significant cost savings, increased pharmacist involvement in patient encounters, and reduced emergency department visits and inpatient admissions due to pharmacist interventions. These results showed the valuable contributions of clinical pharmacists in the international outpatient oncology setting. Establishing ambulatory care hematology/oncology pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia is critical, considering the rising cancer burden. The value of specialized oncology clinical pharmacists in the outpatient setting is emphasized by various studies conducted in the United States. This review proposes a framework for patient-centered oncology practices, serving as a valuable resource for the strategic development of ambulatory care oncology pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. These efforts align with Saudi Vision 2030's broader goals of enhancing health care quality and patient care.