Insights on the regional thermal evolution from semianthracite petrology of the Fengfeng coalfield, China

Igneous intrusions induce alterations in coal and minerals. Alteration degree depends upon the in-situ coal rank and maceral composition, the intrusion temperature, heat source proximity, and intrusion size. In the Permo-Carboniferous Fengfeng coalfield, coal rank increases over some 50 km distance south to north from high volatile bituminous coal to anthracite. The coal seams were commonly intruded, and the regional elevation of rank was augmented by Jurassic-Cretaceous igneous intrusions, not just burial coalification. The petrographic examination of a semianthracite from the Dashucun mine in the north of the Fengfeng coalfield shows development of coke microstructure and increased reflectance approaching the dike in the No. 2 Seam. Based on 11 samples at 50-cm horizontal intervals, random vitrinite reflectance value (R_r) declines from 5.41% at the contact to the background value of 2.05% at 5-m distance from the contact. Towards the dike, vitrinite anisotropy increases and the microtexture shows development of circular, coarse mosaic, and ribbon anisotropic coke textures and devolatilization vacuoles. Natural coke textures respond to an estimated temperature > 570 °C at the intrusion/coal contact. However, the occurrence of coke structures within a semianthracite reveals a local and regional thermal evolution. Coke textures suggest that coal rank was high volatile A bituminous coal at the time of intrusion. This has implications for burial history, heating, and subsidence rates. Assuming a paleogeothermal gradient of 40 °C/km, high volatile A bituminous coal (1% R_r) would have been buried to 3 km at the time of the Jurassic intrusion. The intrusion metamorphosed high volatile bituminous coal to natural coke and subsequent larger-scale regional metamorphism then metamorphosed the coal to semianthracite.