美国境内叙利亚难民的困境:在冷漠与非人性化之间徘徊

Lanouar Ben Hafsa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

世界范围内的被迫或自愿移民,以及对更安全、更美好生活的追求,并非总是源于武装冲突或任何形式的政治、种族或宗教迫害。自然灾害也常常吸引着一波波被剥夺了权利的人们跨越主权国家的边界。本研究调查了 2011 年震撼阿拉伯世界的动乱之后叙利亚难民的困境,这并不是因为它带来了前所未有的人道主义和政治挑战,而主要是因为它暴露了某些西方政府奉行的双重标准政策,将阿拉伯/穆斯林群体作为其安全挥之不去的威胁的替罪羊。为了重构体面辩论的界限,打破对这一争议问题的禁忌,本文就人道主义工作的本质提出了一系列问题,以及在过去几十年中,无情的政客和不择手段的技术官僚如何将其政治化,以民族、宗教甚至种族标准来决定流离失所者的安置或国际救援组织的资金分配。本文以美国为例,说明尽管美国是向叙利亚难民提供人道主义援助最多的国家,但与较贫穷的毗邻国家相比,美国只重新安置了一小部分叙利亚难民。最后,本文希望为现有文献提供基于调查的论证,这些文献在一定程度上没有充分探讨难民潮与跨国恐怖主义之间的假定联系,以最终证明并非每个阿拉伯/穆斯林难民都是候补恐怖分子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Plight of Syrian Refugees in the United States: Between Indifference and Dehumanization
Forced or voluntary migration worldwide and the quest for a safer and better life has not always resulted from armed conflicts or any form of political, ethnic, or religious persecution. Natural disasters have often enticed waves of deprived people across sovereign national borders. The present study investigates the plight of Syrian refugees in the aftermath of the 2011 upheavals which shook the Arab World, not as much because it poses unprecedented humanitarian and political challenges, but principally because it laid bare the double standard policy pursued by certain Western governments scapegoating Arab/Muslim stocks as a lingering menace to their security. To reconfigure the boundaries of decent debate and break down taboos over such a controversial issue, the paper raises a number of questions with regard to the essence of humanitarian work and how, over the past few decades, it has been politicized by ruthless politicians and unscrupulous technocrats to determine the resettlement of displaced masses or the allocation of funds to international relief organizations based on national, religious, and even racial standards. It takes the United States as a case in point to show how, despite being the largest donor of humanitarian assistance to Syrian refugees, it has resettled only a tiny fraction of such a group compared to poorer contiguous states. The paper posits, finally, to contribute survey-based argument to available literature which, to some degree, has not sufficiently explored the hypothetical connection between refugee flows and transnational terrorism to demonstrate, ultimately, that not every Arab/Muslim refugee is a terrorist-in-waiting.
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